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the Yalta Conference
when: February 1945
who Britain, USA, USSR (the big three)
what happened: the big three all met in Yalta Ukraine to re-draw the lines of Europe, 2 agreements where made, 1. Germany was split into 4, 2. free elections is liberated countries.
how did it effect liberalism: it increased liberalism by making free elections in liberated countries. -
Period: to
potsdam Conference
when: may 8th
where: Potsdam Germany
who: The big three (USSR, USA, Britain)
what happened: they realized they weren't getting the free elections they wanted,Roosevelt had died and truman became president and they had finished the atomic bomb and this is when the cold war " started"
how did it effect liberalism: it lessened liberalism because all the countries that where liberated by the soviets became communists. -
Period: to
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
August 1945
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
america and japan
Japan was a enemy of the US and its allies.The Japanese had publicly stated their intentions t to fight, and were using tactics like that kamikaze attacks. Therefore, the then Truman authorized the use of atomic bombs in order to make Japan surrender, which it did.
japan wanted less communism because they where capitalists and wanted competitive markets, a price system, private property and the recognition of property rights. -
marshall plan
who: us secretary
when: july 1947
where 17 eurpean countiries
what happened: 13 billion dorrars where given to the european countries for the wreck the war caused. The US thought that if Europe was prospersous agian that it would be less likley to be communists.
how did it effect liberlism: they wanted morre liberlism and less communism -
the Molotove plan
who:soliet union
where: europe
when: 1947
what happened: the soviet union provide aid to rebuild the countries in Eastern Europe that were politically and economically aligned to the Soviet Union.
how did it effect liberalism: it made less liberalism because the communists where trying to help eachother out to grow strong again. -
Period: to
Truman Doctrine
when: march 1947- July 1948
where: Greece and Turkey
who: Greece and Turkey
what happened: Reflected the ideas of containment through a 400 million dollar economic and military aid package to Greece and Turkey when they were destroyed by war. the truman doctrine was to support anti- communism
how did it affect liberalism: the truman doctrine is increase in liberalism because they paid people to stay and do there work -
the brussels treaty
when: signed march 17th 1948
who: NATO plus US
where 5 eastern european countries ( britain, france, luxemburg netherlands)
what happened: the finally officialized NATO and agreed that if one member of NATO got attached then all members of NATO would attach back.
how did it affect liberalism: they wanted more LIberalism because they protected each other and helped each other our when they needed it. -
NATO
who: NATO
what happened: countries felt like they had to chose communism and the US Sphere of influence or capitalist liberal democracy and the us Sphere of influence. it relied on the theory of collective security
how did it effect communism: they wanted more liberalism since it was a military alliance of capitalist countries from the northern hemisphere -
soviets creation of nuclear weapon
August 1949
who: soviets
where: russia
why: The American and British military drew up plans for a possible war against the USSR. They proposed the bombing of major Soviet cities using nuclear weapons. USA detonated two atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The intention was to force Japan to surrender, avoiding a long war in the Pacific. wanted less communism, the soviets liked state ownership over production, collective farming, industrial manufacturing -
the warsaw pact
who: Soviet Union and seven other Soviet satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe
where: warsaw poland
when: may 1955
what happened:The Warsaw Pact was established as a balance of power to NATO.There was no direct military confrontation between the two organisations; instead, the conflict was fought in proxy wars.
how did it affect liberalism: less liberalism because it meant that the communist were coming together as allies. -
Period: to
vietnam war
Japan and French
1955-1975
the French had a Colombian ruling in power in Indochina, the French regained control religion after Japan was defeated in ww2. a leader of the resistant against both the Japanese and French was Ho Chi Minh. Ho Chi Minh fought again French domination and defeated the French. a conference was covered in swutzerkand to solve the problem in Vietnam, and decided Vietnam was divided in to the 17 parallel. -
Period: to
the Hungarian revolution
October- November 1956
Hungarians and soviet union
this was a spontaneous nationwide peoples movement against the soviet controlled government of hungry. after announcing plans to negotiate a withdrawal of soviet forces, the politburo changed its mind and ordered soviets troops to invade hungry.over 200 000 Hungarians fled the country, the new soviet controlled Hungarian government had eliminated all of its oppositions. -
NORAD
who: USA and Canada
when: september 1957
where: headquarters was in colorado
what happened: they put satellites over north america to protect canada and USA from the communists attacks
how did it affect liberalism: more liberalism
change because they where trying to keep out the communists. -
Period: to
Fidel Castro taking over
1959-1976
cuba
Fidel Castro led a revolution in 1959 and overthrew the
US supported Government, The US refused to lend Cuba money so the USSR stepped into help.Castro aligned with the Soviet Union and allowed the Soviets to place nuclear weapons in Cuba
they wanted less capitalism because they wanted political system where workers own the general means of production. -
The Bay of Pigs
who: US gov. and 1500 Cuban exiles
where Cuba
when: 1961
what happened The CIA trained cuban exiles from florida to gp and overthrow the castro. 1500 cuban exiles invaded the bay of pigs, they were all killed or taken as prisoners.
how did it affect liberalism:
it mad lees because the cubans where trained to get rid on the socialist government, and that the US lost so there wasn't much rights and freedoms left. -
Period: to
cuban missile crisis
October 16 1962
cuba, ussr, usa
A USA spy plane brought back pictures that the USSR had brought misses to Cuba that could hit every major city but Seattle, so Kennedy ordered a blockade around Cuba so that the soviets couldn't bring more missiles to Cuba. Soviets ships began to draw near the isolated zone, at this point it was a game of chicken. at the end the soviets and the us made an agreement that the us would not invade Cuba only if the soviets took there missiles out os Cuba. -
Nuclear arms treaties
1972
USSR,USA
Finland
ABM treaty Between the Soviet Union and the United States was signed. This treaty recognize that the risk of nuclear war would increase if one country were successful in developing a working ABM system because the policy of deterrence would no longer work. Nuclear war could be seen as winnable. -
Period: to
soviet war in Afghanistan
1997-1989
Afghanistan, USA,USSR
the American government equipped the afghan mujahideen resistance fighters with rifles and other arms for a secret operation that coast the United States millions of dollars per year. the soviets invasion of Afghanistan resulted on a boycott of the 1980 summer Olympics. -
Solidarity in Portland
1980
Soviets
Poland
It was the first non-communist trade union in the communist country. Solidarity became a powerful anti-communist social movement. The Soviet controlled Polish government to try to destroy the solidarity movement but it was too strong that the government had to negotiate with the union. This negotiation led to semi free elections in 1989. -
creation of the berlin wall / berlin block aid
iwho: the east Germans
when: 1989
where: Germany
what happened : the east germans ( soviets) built the berlin wall to keep the east germans from escaping, escapees where shot. east germans communist leaders were out, because of this borders were brought down symbolizing the end of the war
how did it effect LIberalism: it decreased liberalism because it separated people and it ended the war. -
Berlin wall fall
November 1989
East and west Germany
Is Germany’s communist leaders were forced out of power but in November the borders between East Germany and west Germany were opened( including the Berlin Wall) The fall of the Berlin wall signified the end of the Cold War. The pro democracy movement even caused the Soviet union communist government to collapse The Soviet union had broken apart into independent countries -
Period: to
Czechoslovakia revolution
November- December 1989
soviets and Warsaw Pact and Czechoslovakia
czechoslovakia
Prague spring was a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia that started when the government reformist. the liberalization movement continued until the soviet unions armed forces and its Warsaw Pact allies invaded Czechoslovakia to stop the reforms, after failed negotiations with the soviets, the Warsaw Pact troops and tanks occupied the country until 1990. -
Period: to
End of the Cold War
1945-1991
Ussr USA
American and Soviet officials understood that rising tensions could lead to a war that neither side could win. Interactions in the post Cold War era required that the United States and the Soviet union worked together for many reasons including the lack of desire to continue to use their resources to stay in a state of conflict with one another.