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Period: to
Yalta Conference
The WWII meeting of the heads of the government of the United State, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union to discuss Germany and Europe's postwar reorganization. This event took place in the Soviet Union resort town in the Crimea. It helped lead to the cold war by giving the Soviet Union control over the Eastern Europe.Germany's rights and needs were not take into consideration thus, affecting their liberalism.
-Example of detente -
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Potsdam Conference
The "Big Three", met in Potsdam, Germany to continue to negotiate terms of the end of WWII.
- This meeting established a Council of Foreign Ministers and a central Allied Control Council for Germany.
- Agreements on the German economy and punishment for war Criminals were made.
-The conference failed to settle most of the important issues at hand and thus helped create the Cold War.
-Germany did not get to make any decisions and had no say in problems that concerned them.
-example of detente -
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Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombing
-The United States detonated two nuclear weapons over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The two bombs killed 129,000-226,000 people.
-The American Victory in the pacific, without Soviet help, meant the USSR was denied any share of the occupation in that area. This alienated Stalin and helped start the cold war.
-Most who died were civilians and had no part in the war yet, they were killed and had no choice to leave.Thus, they had no liberalism
-Deterrence -
Molotov Plan
-It was a system created by the Soviet Union in order to provide aid to rebuild the countries in Eastern Europe that were politically and economically aligned to the Soviet Union.
-This plan was symbolic of the Soviet union's refusal to accept aid from the Marshall Plan thus adding to the Cold War. They believed it was attempt to weaken Soviet interest to their states.
-People were getting bribe with aid and thus they did not have freedoms.
-Example of alignment -
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End of the Cold War
-The Berlin Wall came down, borders opened and free elections ousted Communist regimes everywhere in Eastern Europe.
-The Cold War ended.
-Liberalism never goes back to the way it is. -
Truman Doctrine
-It was an American foreign policy whose stated purpose was to counter Soviet geopolitical expansion. And further developed that pledged to contain threats in Greece and Turkey.
-It contribute to the Cold War since it helped prevent the spread of communism into weaker countries so increased tension between the USA and Soviets.
-Liberalism was affected because this offer was only in the best interest of the U.S and those who were involved had no say if they wanted to be "saved"
ex-Containment -
Brussels Treaty
-It was an agreement signed by Britain, France,Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg at Brussels, Belgium that created a collective defence alliance.The goal was to show that Western European states could cooperate, thus the US would play a role in the security of Western Europe
It was formed to counter the threat of Soviet expansion or aggression thus continuing the Cold War
-It protected the liberalism of their citizens and give to get others to change so they can have liberalism.Alignment -
Marshall Plan
-It was a U.S program that proved economic assistance to restore the economic infrastructure of postwar Europe. Also it wanted the halt the spread of communism.
-This lead to the Cold War because it reduced the power of communist parties in Western Europe. This angered the Soviet Union and was seen as another anti-communist move by the USA.
-Liberalism was affected since most countries did not get a say in what they wanted. They were a stepping stone to reduced communism.
-Example, containment -
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Berlin Blockade
-The USSR blocked the Western allies railway, raid, and canal access to Berlin under Western control. The Soviets would drop the blockade if the Western Allies withdrew the newly introduced Deutsche Mark from West Berlin.The U.S dropped food and supplies.
-After this event Europe became divided into two opposing armed camps creating a source of tension thus contributing to the Cold War.
-West Berlin were left without food, clothing, or medical supplies thus affecting their liberalism.
-Alignment -
NATO
-It was an international alliance between North America and Europe.The main purpose was to defend each other from the possibility of communist Soviet Union taking control of their nation.
-This contributed to the Cold War because the Soviet Union would have seen this as threat and thus retaliate, continuing the cycle.
-It protected the liberalism of their citizens.
-Example of alignment -
Soviet Creation of Nuclear weapons
-The Soviets successfully tested their nuclear device, called RDS-1, at Semipalatinsk. This caused a nuclear arm race between the USSR and the U.S.The competition and the mistrust cause them to build the nuclear devices but never fired them thus continuing the paranoia that caused the cold war.
Deterrence- They were aiming and building up arms, people were afraid and did not think about liberalism and did not have much choice. -
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Korean War
-A war between North Korea(communist) and South Korea(capitalist.
-It was the first military action of the Cold War. It developed the cold war because it showed two "superpowers" U.S and Soviet could fight a "limited war" in a third world country.
-They were pushed to fight and had no really choice in the matter thus limited liberalism.
-Example of spheres of influence -
Stalin's Death
-Stalin dies at the Kuntsevo Dacha at 74 after having a stroke.
-Led to a temporary thaw in the Cold War tensions.Austria regained it's sovereignty and becomes independent and neutral nations after Soviet troops withdrawal.
-There was less of an aggression and more freedom once Stalin dies .The Soviet Union intimated a de stalinisation process.Many people were released for prison and kulaks. -
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Fidel Castro taking over
-The Cuban communist revolutionary and politician Fidel Castro took part in the Cuban Revolution. He leaded the movement in a guerrilla war against Batista's forces from the Sierra Maestra.
-The United States came to oppose Castro's government and unsuccessfully attempted to remove him by assassination thus contributing to the cold war.
-People did not get a choice if they wanted him in government he just took over, thus no liberalism.
- Example of expansionism -
Warsaw Pact
-It was a collective defence treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland between the Soviet Union and seven Eastern Bloc satellite states of Central and Eastern Europe. The pact was seen as a potential militaristic threat, as a sign of Communist dominance and a definite opponent to American capitalism.
-This was formed as a counterbalance to NATO thus contributing to the cold war.
-Citizens did not have liberalism since communism is about the collective good over the individual.
-Example of alignmnet -
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Vietnam War
-War In Vietnam, that was between the communist government of North Vietnam against South Vietnam (capitalist).
-It added to the Cold War because it was the main theme of the Cold War, was capitalism vs communism.
-People did not want the U.S there yet the U.S stepped in, thus their liberalism was taken away.
-Example of spheres of influence -
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Hungarian Revolution
-Hundreds of thousands of Hungarians led a revolt against the Soviet controlled government. After taken control of the government, they withdrew Hungary from the Warsaw Pact and declared neutrality. However
-Hungary summed part of the Cold War. People of Eastern Europe were ruled over with a rod of iron by Communist and anybody who challenged it would pay the price.
-Soviet tanks and troops crush the protests after two weeks thus they had no liberalism and no choice.
-Spheres of influence -
NORAD
-Is a United States and Canada binational organization that centralized operational control of continental air defences against the threat of Soviet Bombers. It integrate their air defence forces under a joint command at Colorado Springs, Colorado
This contributed to the Cold War because it continued people to live in fear of communist taking over even though there were no attacks.
Liberalism- Many people did not have a say and felt the decision was taken without adequate preparation. Alignment -
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Bay of Pigs
-The United States sent trained Cuban exiles to Cuba to try and overthrow Fidel Castro's government.(unsuccessful)
-The United States was trying to prevent communism from taking hold in the Americas, thus adding to the cold war.
-They were trying to stop communism and thus increase liberalism yet they still got involved in other countries business and deciding what is right for them.
-Example of a containment -
Creation of the Berlin Wall
-The Berlin Wall was built by the USSR to keep the capitalist ideas out of Eastern Germany. This splits West and East Berlin.
-The wall itself came to symbolize the Cold War. It contributed to the struggle of capitalism vs communism thus the Cold War.
-Many Germans did not get a choice if they wanted the wall and they lost their freedom of movement. Many East Germans were trying to flee to the West however the wall stopped it, thus restricting liberalism.
-Example of containmnet -
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End of the Cuban Missile Crisis
-The Cuban Missile crisis comes to a close as Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev agrees to remove Russian missiles from Cuba in exchange for a promise from the United States to respect Cuba's territorial sovereignty.
-It was a kinda a thaw in the cold war because the major powers tried to lessen the tensions. Yet there was still the fear that communism or capitalism.
-Cuba had got some freedom after this but still have limits since they are communist.
-Detente.
Cuban missile crisis- Brinkmanship -
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Afghanistan/soviet War
-Internal conflict between anti-communist Muslim guerrillas and the Afghan communist government. The Soviet Union sent troops in.
-The main cause of the Cold War was communist vs capitalist and this event furthers that.
-Some people wanted to change but the Soviet Union would not allow it so they sent troops to control them so there is limited liberalism.
-Example of Brinkmanship -
Solidarity in Poland
-A polish no- governmental trade union began at the Lenin shipyards.It was the first labour union in Soviet -bloc country and it gave rise to a non violent and anti-communist. Lech Walsea was the first non- communist president of Poland.
-This was a turning point in the cold war because you had communist country fighting for freedoms.
-Workers were given more rights and Poland got free from communism thus they had more freedom and liberalism.
-Example of non- alignmnet -
Nuclear Arms Treaties
-It was an arm control treaty between the U.S and the Soviet Union signed in Washington, D.C.The Treaty eliminated all of the two nations land based ballistic missiles, cruise missiles and missile launchers.
-This event was a kinda thaw in the Cold War because both capitalist and communist worked together for common good.
-People were less afraid and could make clear choices now, so increase in liberalism.
-Example of detente -
Berlin Wall falling
-A series of Revolutions in nearby Eastern Bloc countries-Poland and Hungary in particular- caused a chain reaction in East Germany that ultimately resulted in the fall of the wall that separated West and East Berlin.
-The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for German reunification thus caused a thaw and a step away from the Cold War.
-Germans got the freedom of movement and choice thus liberalism.
-Example of detente -
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Czechoslovakia Revolution
-It was a bloodless revolution in Czechoslovakia that overthrow the communist regime.
-They were changing and did not want to be communism. This would angry communist but make capitalist happy so there is still the struggle of the cold war but Czechs made it for themselves.
-Brought back democracy to Czechs after fifty years of lack of freedom thus increase liberalism.
-Example of non- alignment