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Invaded by Germany
Poland was invaded by Germany, which caused the Polish to flee to Britain. -
Creating the United Nations
39 country delegates met in Washington D.C to discuss the United Nations. It was decided the the United Nations would need to have all able to vote in the UN's General Assembly, 11 members of the security council; 5 of the 11 will be permanent members, these members can have the power to veto. The 5 were the United States, Britain, France, China and the Soviet Union. -
Problem with Poland
Soviet Union drove the Germans back and entered Poland. Poland was liberated. The Soviets encouraged the communist there to make a new government. Which caused two governments (Communists & Non-Communist) to claim rights for Poland. -
Potsdam Conference
Truman met Stalin. They had to workout a deal for Germany. Truman was convinced that industry was critical to Germany's survival, if Germany doesn't recover Europe won't survive. Stalin wanted respiration. Soviet's economy was horrible, so they stripped their zone in Germany. Truman took a stance against respiration and offered a bit of industrial equipment and he would accept the German-Polish border. To get Stalin to accept Truman mentions bombs we have. Stalin felt bullied, but accepted. -
The Declaration of Liberated Europe
After the agreement in Yalta the 3 leader made The Declaration of Liberated Europe which made it so that Europe could create their own government. The people have a right to live with the government they want. -
The Four Zones
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The US Economy
By this time Roosevelt and his advisers though economic growth through world trade is the key to peace. -
Truman meets minister Molotov
Truman brought up Poland and demanded Stalin hold free elections that he promised at Yalta. Molotov told Stalin and that's when the Soviet-American relations. -
The Red Scare Begins
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The Iron Curtain
This was created to divide Europe until the end of the war -
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The Yalta Conference - Dividing Germany
The 3 also discussed what they will do with Germany after the war. It was determined that they would divide Germany into 4 parts. Each zone will be controlled by France, Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union. Also they would divide the Soviet's capital, Berlin, into four more parts. -
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The Yalta Conference - Poland
When the war in Europe was nearly over Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill decided to discuss problems they had to address at a conference in Yalta. The main issue was Poland. Stalin thought they should be a communist government, Roosevelt and Churchill said they should get to choose their government. Eventually they agreed, Roosevelt and Churchill recognized the Polish government would be set up by the Soviets. This includes free elections and members in prewar Polish government. -
Death of Roosevelt
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Truman became President
(Truman is very anti-communist) -
The United Nations Charter
Representatives came from 50 countries to the United States to officially organize the United Nations and design its charter. Th Security council would be responsible for international peace and security. -
the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
The UN held a General Assembly. They passed a resolution that made genocide punishable internationally. Their first treaty was, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. -
Crisis in Iran
Realization that Kennan was right about the Soviets hit America when the first Crisis in Iran happened. Soviet troops remained in Northern Iran after the war. Stalin demanded Iran's oil supplies. To increase the tension Soviet Union helped local Iranian communist establish a separate government. -
Stalin Needs More
Stalin demanded joint control over Dardanelles with Turkey -
The Long Telegram
Diplomat George Kennan responded to the Soviets' refusal to cooperate, with what became the Long Telegram. The Long Telegram is a message, explaining his views of the Soviets. He felt the Soviets saw the world traditional “Russian sense of insecurity” -
The Marshall Plan
Secretary of State George C. Marshall proposed a European Recovery Program. Giving the countries aid to help the economy. Truman thought the plan was very necessary. -
The Truman Loyalty Review Program
President Truman established a loyalty review program to screen all federal employees. -
HUAC and Anti-Communist Investigations
FBI director J. Edgar Hoover was still unsatisfied, so he went before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). He urged HUAC to hold public hearings on Communist subversion to expose. -
Trouble in Hollywood
HUAC’s first hearings focused on the film industry thinking they might influence and spread communist ideas. Ronald Reagan testified that there were Communists in Hollywood. -
The Taft- Hartley Act
The Taft- Hartley Act required union leaders to take oaths saying that they were not Communists. Many union leaders did not object. -
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The Screening
More than six million federal employees were screened for loyalty. -
Truman Doctrine
Greek Communists launched a guerrilla war against Greek Government, Britain helped fight the communists but Britain told America that they could no longer afford to help with fights. Due to the news, Truman went before congress and asked for $400 million to fight communism in Greece and Turkey. His speech is now known as the Truman Doctrine. (Doctrine Date Below) -
America's Conclusion
It was assumed the Soviet Union were trying to sabotage the German economy. -
Merger
France, Britain and the US decided to merge their three zones to allow the Germans in that area to create their own government, this area is now known as West Germany. -
Sending Bombs
Truman sent bombers that carried atomic bombs to bases in Britain. -
Commission on Human Rights
Eleanor Roosevelt chair a UN Commission on Human Rights. The international commission formulated the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, promoting the inherent dignity of every human being (Trying to end discrimination) -
Soviet's Blockade
The Soviet Union decided to get soldiers to blockade West Berlin to force the US reconsider the decision they made or abandon West Berlin. -
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The Berlin Airlift
Truman wanted to prevent World War III from happening so he ordered a humongous airlift of supplies into West Berlin. -
Truman Inaugural Address
Truman proposed assistance for the underdeveloped countries outside the war zone -
The Point Four Program
The Point Four Program administers "scientific advances and industrial progress" for improvement and growth. -
An Agreement is Made
NATO(The North Atlantic Treaty Organization) was a new treaty that was a mutual defense alliance. In this agreement was: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherland, Norway, Portugal, United Kingdom, United States -
Captured and Devastation
The communism was spreading. They captured Chinese capital Beijing, and nationalist support was denied. -
Aid to China
The US State Department discontinued aid for Chinese Nationalists. The Chinese Nationalists fled to the Island of Formosa (Taiwan) -
The Communists Victory
Communist victory led them to establish the People's Republic of China. -
Stalin has Bombs
The Soviet's announced that they now have tested atomic weapons and they were successful. -
The Red Scare Gets Worse
The Red Scare became worse as the Soviet Union successfully tested an atomic bomb, and China became a part of communism -
Lifting the Blockade
Finally Stalin lifted the blockade -
China and Soviet Friendship
The Republic of China and Soviet Union signed a treaty of friendship and alliance. -
New Red Scare
Rumors and accusations spawned fears that Communists were trying to take over the world -
McCarty's Accusion
Senator Joseph R. McCarthy gave a speech to a Republican women’s group in West Virginia. He said that he knows there are communist people in America. -
McCarthy Starts Trouble
Congress passes the Internal Security Act better known as the McCarran Act because of the communist fears. -
Jacobo with the Communist
Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán, with Communist support, was elected president of Guatemala. -
Korean
During WWII the US and Soviet Union split Korea in half, the US had South Korea and the Soviet Union had the North. When the Cold war started we couldn't reunify the parts and now they were against each other. North Korea invaded the South driving the troops back. This caused Truman to send forces to help with MacArthur in charge. North drove US and South further back. -
Daring Invasion
MacArthur -
MacArthur’s Order
MacArthur ordered a daring invasion behind enemy lines at the port of Inchon. -
Truman fired MacArthur
Truman fired MacArthur for insubordination. -
Pushing the Chinese
UN forces had pushed the Chinese and North Korean forces back across the 38th parallel. -
Wanting Peace
Peace negotiations began at Panmunjom. -
Negotiators
Negotiators signed an armistice -
The Rosenberg Case
Julius and Ethel were accused of espionage. They were thought to have gave information to the enemy. -
Duck and Cover
Duck and Cover were drills in the 50s to practice just in case the soviet bomb america. -
Dwight D. Eisenhower was elected
Dwight D. Eisenhower was elected to the presidency -
American safety
Americans were looking for someone or something that would make them feel secure as the 1952 election approached. -
Change of leader
Americans wanted a change in leadership. The Cold War caused this attitude. -
The Point Four Program is Official
The Department of State granted the program as well as other programs. -
McCarthy became chairman
McCarthy became chairman of the Senate subcommittee on investigations, that forced government officials to testify about alleged Communist influences. -
H-bombs
Americans were surprised when the Soviets tested powerful hydrogen bomb, or H-bombs. -
The Crucible
Arthur Miller’s, The Crucible, appeared on Broadway. -
Music
I Led Three Lives, a weekly television series about an undercover FBI counterspy who was also a Communist Party official, started. Popular music such as “Atomic Boogie” and “Atom Bomb Baby” were on the radio. -
Planning an Oil Deal
Iranian prime minister had nationalized the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. He appeared ready to make an oil deal with the Soviet Union. -
Stalin died
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Agreements
United States signed defense agreements with Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. The United States also formed the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) with seven other countries. -
McCarthy looking for Spies
McCarthy began to search for Soviet spies in the United States Army. His popular support began to fade. -
Books
Author Philip Wylie published Tomorrow!, a novel telling about the horrible effects of nuclear war on an American city. Wylie wrote his book to educate people about the horrors of atomic war. -
John Watkins
John Watkins a labor organizer, testified in front of HUAC. He agreed to discuss his connections with the Communist Party and to tell on people who were still members, but wouldn't to talk about those who were not members anymore. Watkins received a misdemeanor conviction for not answering questions “pertinent to the question under inquiry.” -
The Taiwan Crisis
Chinese Nationalists controlled Taiwan. China threatened to seize two of the islands. Eisenhower saw Taiwan as part of the “anti-Communist barrier” in Asia that needed to be protected at all costs. After Eisenhower warned that Taiwan was under US protection China backed off. -
The Warsaw Pact
After NATO was formed the Soviet Union created The Warsaw Pact (Similar to NATO) -
The Suez Crisis
Eisenhower needed to prevent Arab nations from aligning with the Soviet Union. Unfortunately Egypt had bought weapons from Communist Czechoslovakia so the deal ran into trouble in Congress. -
Invading Egypt
British and French troops invaded Egypt, which caused America to become furious. -
McCarthy dies
He died. -
John Watkins Appeal
John Watkins appealed his case to the Supreme Court. Tthe Supreme Court held that the activities of HUAC during its investigations were beyond the scope of the stated aims of the committee, as well as the authority of congressional powers. -
The Eisenhower Doctrine
Eisenhower asked Congress to the use of military force whenever the president thought it necessary to assist Middle East nations resisting Communist aggression. -
Spy Plane Down
Soviet Union shot down an American U-2 spy plane. At first Eisenhower claimed that the aircraft was a weather plane that had strayed off course. Then Khrushchev dramatically produced the pilot, Francis Gary Powers. Eisenhower refused to apologize, saying the flights had protected American security. In response, Khrushchev broke up the summit.
