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   In 1949, democratic West Germany and communist East Germany were formed. Since the city of Berlin had been situated entirely within the Soviet zone of occupation, west Berlin became an island of democracy within communist East Germany. In 1949, democratic West Germany and communist East Germany were formed. Since the city of Berlin had been situated entirely within the Soviet zone of occupation, west Berlin became an island of democracy within communist East Germany.
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   Three million East Germans Three million East Germans
 went to West Berlin. Among them were
 highly skilled workers or well-qualified
 managers. The Communist government
 could not afford to lose these high-quality
 people. Consequently, an East German soldier built a fence between the Soviet and Western sectors of Berlin. Within a few days, it was replaced with a wall.
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   The fall of the wall happened due to the opening of the borders between Austria and Hungary in May 1989, as more and more Germans traveled to Hungary. This led to several demonstrations. Consequently, on November 9, 1989, passage to the west was permitted. That same day, thousands of people crossed to the other side and no one could stop them, so a mass exodus occurred. The fall of the wall happened due to the opening of the borders between Austria and Hungary in May 1989, as more and more Germans traveled to Hungary. This led to several demonstrations. Consequently, on November 9, 1989, passage to the west was permitted. That same day, thousands of people crossed to the other side and no one could stop them, so a mass exodus occurred.