-
Nato founded
+founded in washington dc
+objective during cold war: : secure member state security through deterrance and armament
++idea of mutual defense valid to this day
+military complement to COMECON (which is a economic complement to the ERP but whatever man )
+counterpart to the NATO is the warsaw pact
+lmao we need to stop with these complements -
Schuhman Declaration
+RObert Shuhman (French foreign minister) proposes combination of french and german coal and steal production into one entity in order to prevent war -
Period: to
Korean (Proxy) War
+Korea occuppied by Japan in 1910
+then defeated by allies
+USA and soviet occupation
+38th deg of latitude became seperation line that lasts to this day
+nagotiations for joined korea failed -
European Coal and Steal Community (ECSC) founded
+Italy, Luxemburg, FRG, Belgium, Netherlands, France
+appoint representatives to high authority, that secures a well regulated common market + supply
+can interfere with national customs -
German Rearmmament conditions
+Adenauer previously wanted army and rampart against the east
+anyway:
+bundestag conditions for rearmament:
+Revocation of occupation statute
+full soverignty in domestic and foreign affairs
+future peace treatys should nto interfere with frg integration into the west
++berlin=FRG and future united germany should be oriented along FRGs economic policies
+no restrictions should remain from the occupation
=>on legislation, industry and research
+occupation statue security aims obsolete -
Stalin-Notes (March-Notes)
+In the first note, stalin offers allies united german peace treaty
=> germany restored as sovereign state (w/o eastern territory)
=> occupation armies withdrawn, democratic parties allowed
=>new germany not allowed to ally with ww2 enemies
=> note exchange continued until allies demanded democratic elections -
Germany joins NAto
-
Warsaw Pact founded
-
Treaty of Rome
+integration of FRG into the west
+established European Economic Communitty (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM)
++frg politicians limited by having to pander to western allies and through treaties with them -
Fidel Castro overthrows Dictator Battista
+Cube becomes COmmunist
+USA stops supporting Cuba
+Castro more and more relies on the Soviet Union for support
+Chance for soviet to break american encirclement
+ -
Berlin Wall Construction begins
+GDR not recognized as a state without the USSR as ally
+Hallstein Doctrine:
=> assuming diplomatic relations with GDR is an "unfriendly act" toward the FRG
+territorial position of berlin
=> gdr tried to declare berlin a free city, attempt failed
+poor living conditions in the GDR
=> people wanted to leave -
USSR ships missiles to cuba
+John F Kennedy announces desruction of every soviet ship suspected to carry missiles to cuba +ussr eventually gives in, forcing usa to destroy missiles in turky in the process -
Soviet troops invade czechslovakia
+Czechslovakian COmmunist Party had started a democratic reform movement
+Prague Spring
+ussr saw this as counter-revolutionary and tried to crush em
+ -
Brezhnev Doctrine
+Soviet satelite states have limited sovereignty
+retroactively justified czech invasion -
Warsaw Genuflection
Chancellor Willi Brandt dropped to his knees in front of the Warsaw Ghetto uprinsing memorial
+despite having been sent into exile by the nazis
=> still takes responsibilioty for germanys crimes -
Basic Treaty
+relations between german states settled
+Result of new Policy pursued by Williy Brandt
+"change through reapprochement" by Egon Bahr
+Until 1969, FRG had speculated on the Eastern Regime collapsing as neseccary for reunification
+The Hallstein Doctrine had blocked relationship between the states
+ -
Helsinki Accords
+FRG GDR are now in the CSCE (Security Cooperation)
++Contain 10 points, one being respect for human rights
=> soviet union could not supress free speech that hard
+ -
Ronald Reagan elected president
+Reagan Doctrine: "peace through strength"
+policy of déntene over -
Mikhail Gorbachev elected USSR general secretary
+his thesis: communist state can only tackle economic problems with reforms
+glasnost (openness)
=> economic decisions more transparent
=> opening state processes for the sitizens
+perestroika (restructuring)
=> debureaucratisation
=>decentralization of the planned economy, making it more efficient
+Gorbachev didn't want to abolish socialism, but reform and stabilize it +stalin victims rehabilitated, freedom of speech, press, religion guaranteed, companies allowed, market economy + satelite aut -
Reykjavik Summit
+Gorbatchevs reforms make USA change their collision course
+ronald reagan and gorbatchev both attend summit
+achieve progress on nuclear disarmament -
Estonia, Lativa, Lithuania proclaim independence
soviet union tires to militarily stop them
+but intervention failsbe me
plan intervention
intervention failed
sadge -
LAtiva, Estonia, Lituania recognized by EU
-
START 1 signed
+strategic arms reduction treatz signed bz gorbatchev and george bush
+initiated by reagan in 1982 -
Warsaw Pact dissolved
-
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
+Russia, Ukraine, Belarus agree on desolution
+replaced with commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)