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Yalta Conference
The second wartime meeting of British prime minister Winston Churchill, Soviet premier Joseph Stalin, and President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Demand Germany’s unconditional surrender, Stalin return Japanese land, FDR the sell out -
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Iranian crisis
Great Britain and the United States began to press the Iranian government for oil concessions and the Soviets thereupon demanded concessions of their own. Soviets were not to be trusted and were bent on expansiona policy of “toughness” was adopted UScomplained to the UN about the situation in Iran and accused the Soviets of interfering with a sovereign nation -
Potsdam Conference
The Big Three (Stalin,Churchill, Truman) negotiate terms for the end of World War II. Unconditional surrender from Japan, a Council of Foreign Ministers, Military administration of Germany established -
Division of Germany
E(soviets) & W (allies). Stripped of its war gains and lost territories in the east to Poland and the Soviet Union. Germans had little say until 1949 when the Federal Republic of Germany(W) and German Democratic Republic(E) -
George Kennan's long telegram
Sent to the Department of State detailing his views on the Soviet Union, and U.S. policy toward the communist state. Claimed the soviet couldnt coexist peacefully -
Iran Crisis
1942, Iran agreed to let the American, British and Soviet troops defend the oil-rich nation from possible German attack.Troops would withdraw within six months after the end of the war. A policy of “toughness” was adopted toward soviets from US. Soviets didn't withdrawl until April -
Iron Curtain Speech
Winston Churchill gave public recognition to the division between Western powers and the area controlled by the Soviet Union -
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Indochina
between the French and the Viet Minh.French returns, north vietnam fights and wins -
Truman Doctrine
United States would provide political, military & economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from authoritarian forces. Truman asked Congress to support the Greek Government & Turkey -
Marshall Plan
Secretary of State George Marshall comprehensive program to rebuild Europe. Over $12 billion for the rebuilding of Western Europe. Stalin cut off all rail and road links to west Berlin. 275,000 planes transported 1.5 million tons of supplies. Ended 12 May 1949 -
Hydrogen Bomb
1st bomb gave a short-lived advantage in nuclear arms race with the Soviet Union. approximately 1,000 times more powerful than conventional nuclear devices. Soviet Union exploded a thermonuclear device the following year by the late 1970s seven nations had constructed hydrogen bombs. -
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization. United States, Canada, and several Western European nations to provide collective security against the Soviet Union. -
Chinese Revolution
Chinese Communist leader declared the creation of the People’s Republic of China, ended in civil war between the Chinese Communist Party and the Nationalist Party. United States to suspend diplomatic ties with the PRC for decades. -
McCarthyism
Republican Senator Joseph P. McCarthy of Wisconsin. the practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without proper regard for evidence. Lasted 5yrs -
NSC-68
National Security Council Report 68. top secret policy paper by the US National Security Council presented to PresidentTruman. argued that one of the most pressing threats confronting the United States was the “hostile design” of the Soviet Union -
Korean War
(38th parallel) between North and South Korea the United Nations joined to support South Korea and the People’s Republic of China entered to aid North Korea -
Brinkmanship
Pushing an dangerous situation o the brink of disater. Ussr & US increased threats to the point where uclear war was a possibility. USSR backed down. 1960 ICBMs, USSR expanded forces, U-2 planes, Cuban missile crisis -
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Cuban Revolution
armed revolt conducted by Fidel Castro and allies against the U.S.-backed authoritarian government of Cuban President -
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Vietnam War
Nixon; Viet Cong (supported by Soviet Union, China and communist allies &t South Vietnam (supported by the US, Philippines & anti-communist allies. guerrilla/conventional war, More than 3 million people killed, more than half were Vietnamese civilians. 1975, communist forces seized control ending the Vietnam War, the country was unified as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam the following year. -
Warsaw Pact
Treaty of Friendship. a collective defense treaty among Soviet Union and seven Soviet satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe -
Non-Alignment
Yugoslav President declared an organization of States that did not seek to formally align themselves with either the United States or the Soviet Union, but sought to remain independent or neutral. -
Suez Crisis
Israeli armed forces pushed into Egypt toward the Suez Canal after Egyptian president nationalized the canal in July. Israelis, joined by French and British forces, nearly brought the Soviet Union into the conflict,damaged relationships with the US. British, French and Israeli governments withdrew their troops in late 1956 -
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Willy Brandt
German politician mayor of W Berlin during building of the Berlin Wall in 1961. main policy was that of 'Ostpolitik', as he tried to create closer ties between West and East Germany and improve relations with Poland and the Soviet Union. -
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Sino-soviet Split
the deterioration of political and ideological relations between the neighboring states of People's Republic of China and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics -
Nuclear Parity
A condition at a given point in time when opposing forces possess nuclear offensive and defensive systems approximately equal in overall combat effectiveness. -
Bay of Pigs
John F kennedy;CIA attempted to push Castro from power. invasion of Cuba by 1,400 American-trained Cubans who had fled their homes when Castro took over. Invaders were badly outnumbered by Castro’s troops, and they surrendered after less than 24 hours of fighting -
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Prague Spring
changes in the leadership in Prague led to a series of reforms to soften or humanize the application of communist doctrines within Czech borders. Workers struggled against new challenges & government responded with reforms designed to improve the economy. -
Berlin Wall
the Communist government of the German Democratic Republic built a barbed wire and concrete between East and West Berlin. Purpose was to keep Western “fascists” from entering East Germany and undermining the socialist state. Fell November 9, 1989 -
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Cuban Missile Crisis
President Kennedy; political&military standoff over installation of nuclear-armed Soviet missiles on Cuba. Disaster was avoided when the U.S. agreed to Soviet leader Khrushchev’s offer to remove the Cuban missiles in exchange for the U.S. promising not to invade Cuba, also secretly agreed to remove U.S. missiles from Turkey. -
Mutual Assured Destruction
a doctrine of military strategy and national security policy in which a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by two or more opposing sides would cause the complete annihilation of both the attacker and the defender -
Brezhnev Doctrine
Soviet foreign policy which called for the use of Warsaw Pact forces affirming the right of the Soviet Union to intervene in the affairs of Communist countries to strengthen Communism. -
Ostpolitik
normalization of relations between the Federal Republic of Germanyand Eastern Europe, particularly the German Democratic Republic. Ended 1974. Effort to break with the policies of the Christian Democratic Union, which was the elected government of West Germany -
Nixon Doctrine
United States will expect its Asian allies to tend to their own military defense. Determined to “Vietnamize” the Vietnam War. -
SALT II
Carter & Brezhnev; never formally went into effect. focused on limiting, and then ultimately reducing, the number of Multiple Independently Targeted Re-Entry Vehicles -
SALT I
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty; between the U.S.S.R. and the U.S (Brezhnev & Nixon).limited the number of antiballistic missile (ABM) sites each country could have to two & , the number of intercontinental ballistic missiles and submarine-launched ballistic missiles was frozen at existing levels. Nothing about multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicle missiles or development of new weapons. -
ABM
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty; between the United States and the Soviet Union on the limitation of the ABM systems used in defending areas against ballistic missile-delivered nuclear weapons. -
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Helsinki Accords
USA, Canada, and all European states except Albania, signed the declaration in an attempt to improve relations between the Communist bloc and the West. The Helsinki Accords, were not binding as they did not have treaty status -
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Nicaraguan revolution
rising opposition to the Somoza dictatorship led by the Sandinista to violently oust the dictatorship. overthrow of the Somoza regime was a bloody affair, the Contra War of the 1980s took the lives of tens of thousands of Nicaraguans. Contras received large amounts of aid from the Soviet Union and the United States -
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soviet invasion of afghanistan
Soviet sent thousands of troops into Afghanistan and immediately assumed complete military and political control of Kabul and large portions of the country. the only time the Soviet Union invaded a country outside the Eastern Bloc. Pres. Carter announced his own doctrine vowing to protect Middle Eastern oil supplies from Soviets. enacted economic sanctions & trade embargoes against the Soviet ,boycotted Moscow Olympics, & sent aid -
Martial Law in Poland
placing leaders of the Solidarity trade union under arrest. Poland sealed off from the outside world with the military insisting the action is necessary to prevent the country from descending into civil war. Ended 1983 -
Star Wars
Strategic Defense Initiative; Goal was to develop a sophistocated anti-ballistic missile system IOT pevent missile attacks from Soviets. 30 billion invested, no product -
Korean Air flight 007
passenger flight in Russian airspace and shoot the plane down, killing 269 passengers and crewmembers.increased tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States. -
Grenada
Reagan; threat posed to American nationals on the Caribbean nation of Grenada by that nation's Marxist regime. Marines invades -
Iran-Contra Affair
Reagan; Nicaragua . US Secretly sold weapons to Iran. seven American hostages being held by Iranian terrorists in Lebanon. arms-for-hostages proposal. Oliver North blamed for taking part of the $30mill dollars Iran gave the US govt to the contras secretly -
Glastnost
Gorbachev ; openness. allowed open criticism of soviet govt by individuals and media -
Perestroika
Gorbachev ; restructuring. sought to introduce democracy and some capitalism into soviet govt. and society. -
Soviet coup
attempt by a group of members of the Soviet Union's government to take control of the country from Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev (FAIL) -
Soviet Dissolution
representatives from 11 Soviet republics met and announced that they would no longer be part of the Soviet Union.they declared they would establish a Commonwealth of Independent States. Soviet union has fallen due to the great number of radical reforms that Gorbachev had implemented during his six years as the leader of the USSR
