Closing the Frontier

  • Bureau of Indian Affairs - Boarding Schools

    The boarding school experience for Indian children began in 1860 when the Bureau of Indian Affairs established for the first Indian boarding school on the Yakima Indian Reservation in the state of washington.
  • Homestead Act of 1862

    The homestead acts were several laws in the United States by which an applicant could acquire ownership of govt. land or the public domain, typically called a homestead.
  • Morrill Land-Grant Act 1862

    The Morrill Land-Grant Acts are United states statutes that allowed for the creation of land-grant colleges in the U.S. states using the proceeds of federal land sales.
  • Pacific Railroad Act of 1862

    The Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 were a series of acts of Congress that promoted the construction of a "transcontinental railroad" in the U.S. through authorizing the issuance of govt. bonds.
  • Sand Creek Massacre

    The Sand Creek massacre was a massacre of Cheyenne and Arapaho people by the U.S. Army in the American Indian Wars
  • Crazy Horse and Red Cloud, Fort Laramine Treaty in 1868

    Between April 29 and november 6, 1868 tribal leaders from the northern plains came forward to sign a treaty with representatives of the U.S. govt. setting aside lands west of the missouri river.
  • Medicine lodge Treaty, Chief Satanta, 1868

    It was an astonishing spectacle: 165 wagons, 600 mens, and 1200 horses and mules all stretched across the plains of the Kansas territory in October 1867
  • Little Big Horn, 1876

    The Battle of little bighorn known to the lakota and other Plains Indians as the Battle as the battle of the greasy grass and also commonly referred to as Custer's last Stand.
  • Great Sioux War, 1876-1881

    The Great Sioux War of 1876, also known as the Black Hills War, was a series of battles and negotiations which occurred in 1876 and 1877 between the lokota sioux, northern cheyenne and the US.
  • Dawes Severalty Act, !887

    The Dawes Act of 1887, authorized the president of the US to subdivide Native American tribal Landholdings.
  • Massacre at Wounded Knee, 1890

    The wounded Knee Massacre, also called the battle wounded knee, was a domestic massacre of several hundred Lakota Indians.