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10,000 BCE
Animal Husbandry
The domestication of animals and selective breeding to certain traits. The dog being the thought of earliest domesticated animal to assist in hunting and protecting camp. -
10,000 BCE
Archery
In the Paleolithic era with a bow but in every early civilization there was a sort of bows and arrows in pre-dynastic. -
6000 BCE
Irrigation
With waters from the “four circuits of rivers” poured into and moved through channels by chain pumps powered by humans, it was of ancient engineering. -
Period: 6000 BCE to 1000 BCE
Ancient Era
The beginning of the civilization to stone age. -
4500 BCE
Bronze Working
Arsenic bronze, alloys of metallic arsenic found by archaeologists in Iranian tombs dating back. China ritual bronzes have been found as grave goods in the tombs of royalty and nobility. -
4000 BCE
Pottery
Earliest Known ceramics from the Gravettian culture figurines. They were shaped by hand and fired in a pit mixed with sand, grit, crushed shells, or bone. -
4000 BCE
Mining
Roman engineers developed large and efficient mining methods, among their other advances in technology and building aqueducts to bring water to the mine site to remove debris aka early hydraulic mining. -
4000 BCE
Writing
The earliest form of writing was pictographs in little pictures representing an item or action. (Drawing of a object with omopea) -
4000 BCE
Horseback Riding
In the Middle Ages, heavily armored mounted knights dominated warfare in Europe, and in the East, the Japenese samurai fought from horseback for centuries. Even though before the middle ages the was evidently too small by modern standards to be ridden and just pull wagons or chariots. -
4000 BCE
Construction
Most ancient civilizations built wood now and then but mostly in mud brick, pottery, or stone. Unless the structure is pyramid-shaped then they would topple over when shaken (Earthquake). They used marble for bigger things like the Parthenon. -
3200 BCE
Sailing
The reed boats under the sail on the Nile. A few hundred years later, the Egyptians were venturing along the shores and every coastline, from China to Scandinavia, the beginning of sailing technology. -
2600 BCE
Masonry
The ancient Egyptians mastered the art of masonry constructing temples, palaces, pyramids and other edifices from limestone, sandstone, granite ad basalt found found in the hills of the Nile River. -
2600 BCE
Engineering
Engineering is the science and art of designing things like buildings, roads, bridges, machines, and other materials. Engineering is to create and design. The term was used in the classical era as designing machines, such as water pumps, and differential gearing. -
2500 BCE
Shipbuilding
The Egyptians were constructing boat hulls from planks of wood, using treenails to hold them together. The shipbuilding docks were being utilized by the Harappans. -
2000 BCE
Wheel
The first wheels were solid wood, planks with rounded ends that were put together to give another round shape. -
2000 BCE
Currency
Something worthless in itself represents some amount of actual value, and has been the bane of civilization. -
1900 BCE
Celestial Navigation
The practice of taking angular measurements between a celestial body and a point on the horizon to determine one's position on the globe. Used a lot on boats/sailing. -
1200 BCE
Iron Working
It is said that the Hittites were the first to extract the ore, see it, and fashion weapons. The Chinese were the first to use it, primarily to make beams and rods to support their elaborate architecture, good arrows, and, cannon shots soon to be discovered. -
Period: 1000 BCE to 500 BCE
Classical Era
The beginning of growth. -
600 BCE
Mathematics
Mathematics term is from Greek mathematics while mathematics also has a relationship to music. The Egyptians needed to keep track of all the taxes and trade, not to mention creating the massive pyramids and monuments, causing them to develop a written system of numerals. This was the beginning of all mathematics but Geometry. -
332 BCE
Stirrups
The idea of where to put your feet when riding in the wind on the back of a horse. Two pieces of leather with a loop to be made out of metal later began in East Asia. -
Period: 500 to 1350
Medieval Era
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600
Education
Education has been around as long as mankind. It been here such as, how to survive, skills and, being productive. As a tribe expanded and grew, they might educate the children while the healthy adults gathered food, built stuff and began a war. More money you had, the better/advance education you would attain. -
1000
Castles
Huge great piles of stone. When thy feudal lords sought to insure their power and influence. They were a little better than some cold, dirty square stone boxes, others were fairy structures with tall towers, crenelated parapets and flying flags. -
1240
Gunpowder
The invention of gunpowder was originated by the Chinese alchemists during the Tang dynasty. The formula contains sulfur, charcoal, and potassium nitrate. But later discovered this recipe is better for fireworks because of the rapid exposure to heat. Later Europeans took gunpowder as a wholesale slaughter and improved the formula while also adding touches of "corning". -
Period: 1350 to
Renaissance Era
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1400
Banking
The oldest band that still is up and running is the Monte dei Pashi in Sierna. Before banks were even set down the Hammurabi set laws govering banking in the code. Mostly for private individuals that wanted to make a loan. With unlike methods to insure repayment with the Rome in the west. -
1400
Printing
By the 1400s, a faster, cheaper method of reproducing the written words had become the “Holy Grail” for European booksellers, pushed and moved by the Education Act. Each. China made a moveable type, where each word could be placed in any order and then inked, and pressed against paper. But the object was proved rather fragile and expensive. -
1400
Square Rigging
The first two master square-rigged ships appeared in the Mediterranean. The design was meant for transport, giving more speed and maneuverability so they could get to shore quicker. -
1500
Military Engineering
With the development of gunpowder, military engineers became vital, both in designing to withstand cannons and devising ways to get the cannons close enough to the modifications to be effective. -
1500
Metal Casting
Before metal casting, there was iron and wax casting. Molds over the centuries have been constructed out of plastics and latex-like substances. When Asia to Europe with iron casting staring with the Germans using iron pipe to carry water in the Dillenburg Castle. -
Machinery
Humans needed a solution to tasks that they or an animal could not fulfill. When the wheel/axel was the list of five simple machines. In 50 AD they described the fabrication and uses while Greeks understood statics and friction with no understanding of dynamics. During the "Dark" ages, men began to devise the theory and tradeoff between distance and force principle. -
Cartography
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Rifling
Rifling is merely the cutting of round grooves into the inner part of a gun barrel to induce spin in a ball or bullet which serves to gyroscopically stabilize the projectile giving it greater accuracy and range. Even with all the problematic to decided who first came up with the idea, the riles were begun by many blacksmiths in the late 15th century. -
Steam Power
The Industrial Revolution arrived with steam. Steam power revolutionized industry and transportation across the world. Within a century the globe was crisscrossed by rail lines and steamship routes. But steam wasn't thought of until Taqi Muhammed described a hypothetical steam turbine. -
Period: to
Industrial Era
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Economics
Understanding of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. When people could trade was considered easier. The Wealth of Nations is concired the foundation of modern economics. But a person who pursues his own financial slef-interests, he is automatically is prmoting the goods of society in general through emocomic growth. -
Astronomy
It was not until the telescopes allowed William Herschel to create a detailed catalog of nebulae and clusters, and to discover the planet Uranus in 1781. The spectroscope and photography push astronomical knowledge into the future. -
Chemistry
When astronomy evolved from astrology, chemistry evolved from another science called alchemy. Chemistry achieved its status in 1789 when Antoine Lavoisier published a paper describing the law of conservation of mass. In Elements of Chemistry Lavoisier revealed the composition of air and water, into the term oxygen. -
Mass Production
Until the Industrial Revolution, the idea of mass production back then was limited to pottery, Chinese crossbows with an assembly line production of books. -
Industrialization
Europe invented new machinery and developed new power sources which began in the 18th century. Which changed the way people live their daily lives forever. -
Electricity
The Thales of Miletus observed that static electricity could be generated by rubbing rods of amber with a cat's fur. The British studied magnetism and a few of the forces which term with electrics. Benjamin Franklin discovered electricity while flying a kite with a key attached in a thunderstorm -
Ballistics
The first ballistic weapons were sticks, stones, and spears. The cannon became common warfare and military engineers began to study the combination of factors that might affect the path the ballistics takes. -
Flight
Of men strapping on wings or other devices and attempting to fly, usually by jumping off something tall leading to the discovery of flight. In 1804 George flew a fixed-wing glider model, and in 1853 he created a fullscale model that carried his coachman in the first manned glider flight. -
Steel
They used pig iron as the basic to make low-carbon steel in quantity fairly cheaply. Along with petroleum, steel is the backbone of modern civilization. The steel industry opened all kinds of new doors for producing new bridges, skyscrapers, trains and automobiles, household gadgets, and weapons of the modern era. -
Replaceable Parts
Finally mass made something not a weapon on his production line in America: a pillar-and-scroll clock. The development of interchangeable parts in manufacturing was due in large part to the innovation and invention of several manufacturing machines, which permitted only very small variances in the final parts. -
Synthetic Materials
First synthetic materials was pioneered by Joseph Swan, his fiber was made from tree bark, intended as a longer-lasting filament for light bulbs but better as a textile. -
Combustion
Jean Joseph, for instance, a piston-and-cylinder gas-fired engine was industrial-level drilling for petroleum and refining it into gasoline. -
Period: to
Modern Era
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Telecommunications
The process of sending electronic signals through the atmosphere to special receivers. Sputnik, with an onboard radio transmitter, was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957; NASA soon followed with the balloon named Echo 1 which was capable of relaying signals between distant stations on the surface. -
Sanitation
The earliest signs of city sanitation have been found in the ruins of the Harappan settlements Mohenjo-daro and Rakhigarhi in 2500 BC. People who farmed in tCloaca Maxima in Rome had to empty into te River Tiber and carry the waste away from civilzed folk. The Plague of Cyprian and Justinian slowly expensed during this time. -
Radio
Heinrich proved that electromagnetic waves could be transmitted through the air. An Italian inventor; Guglielmo Marconi built the first working, completely successful wireless telegraph -
Rocketry
Until the Second World War, rockets remained relatively short-range, inaccurate, clumsy weapons or were used for making pretty fireworks. German scientists refined their designs for rockets. The end of the war set off; when the two superpowers “assimilated” many of Germany's top rocket scientists from Peenemunde, notably America's acquisition of Wernher von Braun -
Plastics
Following the First World War advances in chemistry (all that production of poison gases and new explosives) led to an explosion of new forms of plastic. PVC, a rigid and durable plastic began being manufactured commercially in the 1920s by various companies -
Advanced Flight
The U.S. Air Force brought the B-45 Tornado, the world's first jet bomber, into service in 1948. The first jet fighter to see combat, its appearance was too late to affect the war significantly, but Me-262s did shoot down 542 enemy planes -
Nuclear Fission
Building on the work of scientific geniuses such as Marie Curie, Ernest Rutherford, Niels Bohr, Enrico Fermi, and Edward Teller, the United States funded the Manhattan Project, headed by physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer, in 1942 to create a sustainable nuclear reaction using uranium or plutonium. Nuclear fission also offered the hope for cheap, “clean” energy. -
Petroleum Refining
The increased volume in crude oil's availability led to experiments in improving its qualities, starting with simple distillation rigs. Fuel refining may be the most fundamental technology that underlies the industrial expansion of the 20th Century, for better and worse. -
Period: to
Atomic Era
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Computers
A mechanical analog calculator was first proposed by Lord Kelvin in 1876, and others had built such contraptions later. His programmable mechanical computer incorporated punched cards, a printer, an arithmetic logic unit, conditional branching, and even an integrated memory. -
Robotics
he American mathematician Norbert Wiener formulated the “principles of cybernetics” as the basis for practical robotics. The first programmable robot was constructed to lift and stock hot pieces of metal from a die-casting machine. -
Nuclear Fusion
During WW2, research to create a fission bomb subsumed research into nuclear fusion. Britain tried to do nuclear fusion but left weapons engineers to create the first man-made fusion reaction. -
Lasers
By the time of the first true laser, American and Soviet Russian scientists had built lasers, amplifying microwave radiation rather than light radiation. An international team that produced the first gas laser, utilizing helium and neon, capable of continuous operation in the infrared spectrum. -
Stealth Technology
Modern stealth technology is a combination of multiple military projects and experimental science expanded beyond what humans can see, trying to both hide and detect objects by radar, acoustics, thermal readings, or other less readily visible methods. This method has been adapted from for example: hunting in the ancient era. -
Satellites
Sputnik, with an onboard radio signal transmitter, was launched in October 1957 by Soviet Russia. The largest orbiting satellite to date – since its first component was launched in 1998; it orbits the Earth every 92.69 minutes. -
Composites
A composite is any material made from two or more materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties. Composites are distinct from alloys or chemical compounds. Has been used for centuries by artists and other children. More recently, fiberglass was invented in the 1930s. -
Nanotechnology
Norio Taniguchi first used the term “nanotechnology” in 1974 to describe the “process of separation, consolidation, and deformation of materials by one atom or one molecule.” Although mostly limited to the use of passive nanoparticles such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide in cosmetics and food products, silver nanoparticles in food packaging and disinfectants, and carbon nanotubes in textiles. Modern micro plastic technology. -
Period: to
Information Era
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Advanced AI
Artificial intelligence using human data to create refined models and improve human creations. As to whether AI will ever be mistaken for a human, it is hard to imagine a future . -
Advanced Power Cells
One without a working battery is an expensive hindrance. Increases in capacity, working voltage, and lifespan continue, and the search continues for a reliable, affordable means of storing energy. -
Period: to
Future Era
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Predictive Systems
Artificial Intelligence systems can create sophisticated models of behavior, with good predictive power for future behavior. -
Off-world Missions
The idea for humans to live on another planet besides Earth. Or growing food/civilization on another planet. -
Smart Materials
Smart materials are materials that can assume different properties on command, in response to different situations.