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Period: to
the slow boil
as the north phased out slavery creating urban communities and industrial economies while the deep south focused on slave labor and plantations. the south at the time had the price of slaves go up as the demand for cotton increased and the large part of economic prosperity came from the industrial north so the poor whites immigrated to the north along with most immigrants from europe. the fear of slave revolts and dependence on slaves made residents of the south aggressive protecting slavery -
louisiana admitted as a slave state
louisiana becomes a slave state after being added to the union -
american solonization society
Henry Clay, James Monroe, Bushrod Washington, Robert Finley, Samuel John Mills Jr. and others organize the American Colonization Society to send freed slaves to Liberia. The Society funds the migration of about 10,000 free blacks to return to Africa -
missouri wants to be a slave state
missouri petitions congress to become a slave state but this threatens the balance of 11 slave states and 11 free states and so three years of debate ensue -
admission of maine
U. S. Representative James Tallmadge, Jr. of New York submits an amendment to the legislation for the admission of Missouri which would prohibit further introduction of slaves into Missouri. The proposal also would free all children of slave parents in Missouri when they reached the age of twenty-five. The measure passes in the House of Representatives but is defeated in the Senate. Southern Senators delay a bill to admit Maine as a free state in response to the delay of Missouri's admission to -
missouri compromise
U.S. slave population in the 1820 United States Census: 1,538,000. Speaker of the House Henry Clay of Kentucky proposes the Missouri Compromise to break the Congressional deadlock over Missouri's admission to the union. Missouri was admitted to the Union as a slave state on August 10, 1821, and the northern counties of Massachusetts would be admitted as a free state, the State of Maine (which occurred on March 15, 1820). To the west, slavery would be prohibited north of 36°30' of latitude, which -
free men excluded from missouri
After Missouri becomes a state, its legislature passes a law excluding free blacks and mulattoes from the State in violation of a Congressional condition to its admission to the Union -
the first personal liberty laws
New Jersey, followed by Pennsylvania, pass the first personal liberty laws, which require a judicial hearing before an alleged fugitive slave can be removed from the state. -
gradual emancipation is completed in new york
The process of gradual emancipation is completed in New York state and the last indentured servant is freed -
"Tariff of abominations"
Congress passes the Tariff of 1828. It also is called the "Tariff of Abominations" by its opponents in the cotton South. The opposition of Southern cotton planters to transfer of federal funds in one state to another state for internal improvements and to protective tariffs to aid small Northern industries compete with foreign goods leads a South Carolina legislative committee to issue a report entitled South Carolina Exposition and Protest.The report outlines the nullification doctrine. The doc -
carolina v mann
U.S. slave population in the 1830 United States Census: 2,009,043. In North Carolina v. Mann, the Supreme Court of North Carolina ruled that slaveowners had absolute authority over their slaves and could not be found guilty of committing violence against them. Daniel Webster delivers a speech entitled Reply to Hayne. Webster condemns the proposition expressed by Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina that Americans must choose between liberty and union. Webster's closing words became an icon -
nat turner revolts
Abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison begins publishing The Liberator, a greatly influential publication. About this time, abolitionism takes a radical and religious turn. Many abolitionists began to demand immediate emancipation of slaves.Nat Turner leads a slave revolt in Southampton County, Virginia in August. At least 58 white persons are killed. Whites in turn kill about 100 blacks in the area during the search for Turner and his companions and in retaliation for their actions. Turner hides b -
gag rule put into place
Abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison begins publishing The Liberator, a greatly influential publication. About this time, abolitionism takes a radical and religious turn. Many abolitionists began to demand immediate emancipation of slaves.Nat Turner leads a slave revolt in Southampton County, Virginia in August. At least 58 white persons are killed. Whites in turn kill about 100 blacks in the area during the search for Turner and his companions and in retaliation for their actions. Turner hides b -
elijah p lovejoy is killed
In Alton, Illinois, a mob kills abolitionist and anti-Catholic editor Elijah P. Lovejoy, whose paper angered Southerners and Irish Catholics. -
dueling congress men
Kentucky Congressman William J. Graves kills Maine Congressman Jonathan Cilley in a duel. Anti-slavery societies claim to have 250,000 members.
Slaves revolt on the Spanish ship Amistad; ship winds up in U.S. After a highly publicized Supreme Court case argued by John Quincy Adams, the slaves are freed in March 1841; most return to Africa.
Northern abolitionist Reverend Theodore Dwight Weld condemns slavery in American Slavery As It Is. He makes his argument by quoting slave owners' words as us -
last slave in newyork is freed
The last slave (lifetime indentured servant) in New York is freed.
Slaves being moved from Virginia to Louisiana seize the brig Creole and land in the Bahamas, a British colony that does not allow slavery. The British give asylum to 111 slaves (but not the 19 ringleaders accused of murder). The U.S. government protests and in 1855 the British paid $119,000 to the original owners of the slaves. -
personal liberty laws passed
Massachusetts and eight other states pass personal liberty laws under which state officials are forbidden to assist in the capture of fugitive slaves -
telegraphs invented
the telegraph one of the key weapons in the civil war is invented. during the war 15,000 miles of telegraph wire was laid as a direct line to the president and the generals -
churches break
The Methodist Episcopal Church, South breaks away from the Methodist Episcopal Church on the issue of slavery. Well-known black abolitionist, Charles Lenox Remond, and famous white abolitionist, William Lloyd Garrison, declare they would rather see the union dissolved than keep the Constitution only through the retention of slavery -
florida admitted as slave state
Florida, a slave state, is admitted to the United States.The Southern Baptist Convention breaks from the Northern Baptists but does not formally endorse slavery.
Frederick Douglass publishes his first autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself. The book details his life as a slave.
Former U.S. Representative and Governor of South Carolina, and future U.S. Senator, James Hammond writes Two Letters on Slavery in the United States, Addressed to -
mexican american war
The Walker Tariff reduction leads to a period of free trade until 1860. Republicans (and Pennsylvania Democrats) attack the low level of the tariff rates.
James D.B. DeBow establishes DeBow's Review, the leading Southern magazine, which becomes an ardent advocate of secession. DeBow warns against depending on the North economically.The Mexican–American War begins. The administration of President James K. Polk had deployed the Army to disputed Texas territory and Mexican forces attacked it. Whigs -
new mexico becomes territory
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo confirms the Texas border with Mexico and U.S. possession of California and the New Mexico territory. The U.S. Senate rejects attempts to attach the Wilmot Proviso during the ratification vote on the treaty.
Radical New York Democrats and anti-slavery Whigs form the Free-Soil party. The party names former President Martin Van Buren as its presidential candidate and demands enactment of the Wilmot Proviso. The party argues that rich planters will squeeze out small -
The begining
slavery became a larger issue when texas became a slave state and the northern republicans began to talk of whether slavery was an anceint evil or a state based property system. this talk of slavery in the north scared many southerners who became defensive of the practice. this was the spark that started it all -
president dies
March 11: U.S. Senator William H. Seward of New York delivers his "Higher Law" address. He states that a compromise on slavery is wrong because under a higher law than the Constitution, the law of God, all men are free and equal.
April 17: U.S. Senator Henry S. Foote of Mississippi pulls a pistol on an anti-slavery Senator on the floor of the U.S. Senate.
President Taylor died on July 9 and is succeeded by Vice President Millard Fillmore. Although he is a New Yorker, Fillmore is more inclined to -
secession measures fail
Southern Unionists in several states defeat secession measures. Mississippi's convention denies the existence of the right to secession.
In February, a crowd of black men in Boston frees fugitive slave Shadrach Minkins, also known as Fred Wilkins, who was being held in the federal courthouse, and help him escape to Canada.
In April, the government guards fugitive slave Thomas Sims with 300 soldiers to prevent local sympathizers from helping him with an escape attempt.
In September 1851, free bla -
kansas
to settle the dispute over whether kansas would be a slave state the abolitionists and pro-slavery southerners sent partisans into kansas with both ballots and bullets in a miniature civil war called bleeding kansas. the partisans from the south tried using vote fraud and even then the state became a free state -
supreme court
the supreme court's dred scott decision ended the congressional compromise for the popular sovereignty in kansas, with the courts saying slavery was a property right in the territories regardless of the majority. cheif justice taney's ruling said of slaves that they were "so far inferior that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect". his decision overturned the missouri compromise which banned slavery in territory north of 36 degrees -
freepoint doctrine
in a debate between abraham lincoln and stephan a. douglas in which douglas says that without a state constitution people of a territory could vote whether slavery was legal as without the peoples support it would be meaningless because it would not be able to be regulated and with this he showed a clear opposition to the dred scott ruling. with stephan a. douglas being a canidate for presidency and as a long time senator and house representative he held some political sway. -
slave riots
in 1859 political debates were cut short as abolitionist john brown raided harpers ferry armoury trying to incite slaves to riot. southerners began forming militias in order to defend their "right" to slavery -
the dissoulution of the whigs and know nothings
the early parties the whigs and know nothings broke down when they could not agree internally on the issue of slavery. other parties such as the democrats also split along north south lines with northern democrats for free states and southern democrats pro-slavery. -
lincoln elected president
lincoln wins a four way presidential race. lincoln did not win popular majority and wasn't even on the ballot in the south. lincoln wins without a single southern vote and wins through the electoral college. -
south carolina secedes
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Period: to
secession
in 1860 Dec 24 1860 south carolina secedes and is the first state to secede. just before lincoln took office seven states declared secession and created the confederate states of america febuary 4 1861. the confederacy was composed of south carolina,mississippi,florida,alabama.georgia,louisiana and texas. two months later virginia,arkansas,north carolina and tennessee joind the confederacy. jefferson davis was appointed president of the confederacy. -
mississippi secedes
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florida secedes
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georgia secedes
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louisiana secedes
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texas secedes
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lincoln's inauguration
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confederate constitution signed
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civil war begins
civil war begins with the battle of fort sumter where the south raids a union fort -
virginia secedes
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arkansas secedes
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lincoln raises an army
lincoln rallies army requesting congress give him an army of 500,000 men after south shows it wont fall with small militia forces -
anaconda plan
the anaconda plan was an initial strategy thought up by general winfield scott to put down the confederacy’s rebellion by blockading ports and stopping the south from trading cotton for munitions. abraham lincoln had doubts and rather than wait for the slow economic death of the south decided to do battle while still using tactics from the anaconda plan to further atrophy the south -
shermans march
general sherman took atlanta in a battle sept 2, 1864. after taking atlanta sherman began a march to savannah to take control of the port all the while rasing the land in between taking food and livestock to feed his army. this campaign was a simple way to hopefully break the southern moral to stop the war and prevent a new rebellion from ever happening again. -
battle of nashville
the confederate army is crushed by the union army and the war in the west begins to slow -
thirteenth amendment ends slavery
the united states congress approves thirteenth amendment to abolish slavery
