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Cornelius Vanderbilt
He started out in shipping, bought his first ferry boat when he was 16. He had a large fleet, but he sold it and invested in railroad. -
Period: to
Civil War
Civil War -
Reconstruction Era
Reunite South (Nation)
Rebuilding South - Infrastructure - Economy
Protect Freedmen - Civil Rights -
Lincoln's Assassination
Lincoln's Assassination occurred in a theater booth, where he was shot by John Wilkes Booth. -
Reconstruction Act of 1867
Act where Congress went through the process of admitting the South into the Union. Measures included:
-The South was divided into 5 military districts until state constitutions were approved by Congress.
-All males, except Confederate leaders, were allowed to participate in state Constitutional Conventions.
-States were required to ratify the 14th Amendment.
-States were required to provide suffrage for men of all color. -
Laissez-Faire Philosophy
The hands-off government in economics -
John D. Rockefeller
John D. Rockefeller founded the Standard Oil Company in 1870.
By 1880, Rockefeller had a 90% monopoly. He was also the nation's first billionaire. -
The Invention of the Telephone
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The 7 Factors of Production
Natural Resources, Capital, Labor, Technology, Consumers, Transportation, Government Cooperation. -
Industry Exploited Workers
Women and children made up more than 50% of the industrial workforce in the 1880s. -
Immigrants provided a large pool of labor for industry
Old Immigrants came before 1880, from Northern and Western Europe, and New Immigrants came after 1880, from Southern and Eastern Europe. This lead to an extensive labor pool. -
Farmers didn't need workers.
One man could harvest 135 acres of farmland a day. -
Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie entered the steel business in 1887, where he controlled 25% of U.S. steel production. He eventually sold his steel business to J.P. Morgan in 1901. -
The Frontier's Closing
By 1890, the frontier officially closed. There was no more free land to be given to those who traveled west. -
Millionaires
By 1890 there were 4,000 millionaires. -
Progressive Era
The Progressive Era begins in 1890 and, arguably, ended in 1920. -
The Populist Party
The Populist Party was founded in 1891, and they had a presidential candidate named William Jennings Bryan. -
James J. Hill
Built Railroads and became rich off of them. -
Poverty
20 million Americans live in poverty. -
J.P. Morgan
Was an accountant, became a banker. Eventually became an organizer of major companies like GE and AT&T. Bought Carnegie Steel in 1901 and renamed it U.S. Steel -
The Socialist Party
The Socialist Party was founded in 1901 by Eugene V. Debs. -
Florence Kelley
She was a muckraker and fought for children's rights. -
Muckrakers
The Jungle was made on November 4, 1905. Other muckrakers include Ida Tarbell, Jacob Riis, and Lincoln Steffens. -
The Bull Moose Party
The Bull Moose Party was made in 1912 by Theodore Roosevelt. -
The Causes of WW1
The assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Russian mobilization, Germany declaring war. -
The Central and Allied Powers
The Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Luxembourg, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire.
The Allied Powers: Britain, France, Russia, Italy, U.S. -
The Spark of WW1
The assassination of Franz Ferdinand by Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian who was in the organization called the Black Hand. The Black Hand supported Serbian Nationalism. -
New Weapons
Mustard Gas was developed. It stays low to the ground, forces soldiers out of trenches. Tanks were developed to drive through "No Man's Land." Airplanes were developed to observe and attack from above, airplanes fought in the air. Machine guns were also developed to fire with little reloading. -
Trench Warfare
10 ft deep trenches. Soldiers protected from gunfire inside a trench. Barbed wire in front of the trench, everyone needed to be ready for an attack. Very little territory changes. No Man's Land in between enemy trenches.
