Civil War

Santa Fe Trail

Mar 8, 1819

• One of an series of old Native American trails as well as new ones were used to travel west, one of the buisiest was the Santa Fe Trail which stretched from Independence, Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico
  
• It was a main route of travel west mainly for settlers and traders
  

Misssouri Compromise

Mar 8, 1820

President – James Madison

- Attempts to unify the national economy were made, and while sectional conflicts remained an issue Missouri wanted annexation, North – As a Free State / South – As a Slave State

- With Henry Clays leadership the Missouri compromise was passed; this meant Main was made a free state and Missouri a slave state, they were divided on the 36 30 line.

San Felipe de Austin

Mar 8, 1821

• An American settlement between the Brazos and Colorado river created by Stephen Austin in 1821
  
• It was made possible by a land grant given to him by Spain and later from Mexico after it won its independence
  

The Liberator

Mar 8, 1828

• It was created by William Lloyd Garrison a radical white abolitionist
  
• It talked about the issue of slavery and was meant to deliver what was an uncompromising demand for immediate emancipation
  

Mexico Abolishes Slavery

Mar 8, 1829

• American settlers in Texas mainly southerners brought slaves with them to Texas
  
• This was an issue because Mexico had already abolished slavery
  
• Mexico insisted that Texans free all slaves, but this request fell on deaf ears
  

The North Star

Mar 8, 1830

• It was created by a free black man named Fredrick Douglass
  
• Its purpose was to make people aware of what the everyday life of most slaves were

Nat Turner's Rebellion

Aug 8, 1831

• An attack in which about 50 slaves angered about the condition of their bondage attacked four plantations and killed about 60 whites
  
• They were eventually captured and Nat Turner along with many others were executed
  

Stephen Austin goes to Jail

Mar 8, 1833

• Politics in Mexico had become increasingly unstable, despite this Stephen Austin traveled to Mexico City to petition the Mexican government for greater self - government for Texas
  
• In 1833 on his way back home he was imprisoned for inciting revolution
  

Oregon Trail

Mar 8, 1834

• A trail west that stretched from Independence, Missouri to Oregon City, Oregon
  
• First traveled by two Methodist missionaries Marcus and Narcissa Whitman, who traveled with their wagon
  
• This proved that wagons travel was possible along the Oregon Trail
  

Texas Revolution

Mar 8, 1836

• The 1836 rebellion in which Texas gained its independence from Mexico

Manifest Destiny

Mar 8, 1840

• Belief that the move westward was pre – decided by god
  
• The idea or belief that the United States was supposed to expand to the pacific ocean and into Mexico; Many thought this destiny was obvious and inevitable
  

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Feb 2, 1848

• Signed on February 2, 1848, it was agreed that Mexico would ced the New Mexico and California territories to the United States
  
• The Rio Grande was made the agreed upon border between Texas and Mexico

Hariett Tubman

Mar 8, 1850

• One of the most famous conductors of the underground railroad
  
• She was born a slave in Maryland and when her owner died she was about to be sold, but she escaped to freedom in the north
  

Lincoln becomes President

Mar 10, 1850

• Occurred in 1860
  
• He won almost all of the votes in the north, but almost nothing in the south because in many states his name was not even put on the ballot
  
• There is no obvious reason for why he won, but he said he would halt further expansion of slavery and would not interfere with slavery in the south
  

Compromise of 1850

Sep 5, 1850

• It was made by Henry Clay and To Please the North it was offered that California be admitted a free state
  
• To Please the South a more effective fugitive slave law was proposed and it said there would be a right to separately vote for whether New Mexico and Utah would be made free states or slave states
  
• It was originally dismissed, but got passed not long after
  

Fugitive Slave Act

Sep 8, 1850

• Fugitive slaves were not to be given trial by jury and anyone found to be helping a fugitive slave was subject to a 1,000 dollar fine and 6 months imprisonment
  
• Some northerners resisted by setting up committees and others resorted toward violence to rescue fugitive slaves
  

Underground Railroad

Nov 13, 1850

• It was created by free African Americans and white abolitionists
  
• The purpose of the Underground Railroad was to help slaves escape to the north where they could be free and for the most part safe
  
• Conductors of the railroad his, fed, and directed runaway slaves to the next station or safehouse where they would meet yet another conductor
  

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Mar 9, 1852

• Witten by Harriet Beecher Stowe
  
• It stressed that slavery was not just a political contest, but a great moral struggle as well
• It expressed her hatred of slavery, having experienced it herself
  

Kansas - Nebraska Act

Mar 9, 1854

• Proposed by Stephen Douglass and dealt with the issue that popular sovereignty was anted, but the territories were north of the 36 30 line so according to the Missouri Compromise slavery was illegal
  
• It proposed dividing the Kansas and Nebraska territories giving them popular Sovereignty, but this would repeal the Missouri Compromise
  

Dred Scott v. Stanford

Mar 9, 1857

• He was a slave that had a owner that took him from the slave state of Missouri to the free states of Illinois and Wisconsin and back to Missouri
  
• He sued for his freedom because he believed that having lived in the free state of Illinois and the free territory of Wisconsin made him a free man
  
• The court ruled that just simply living in a free state or territory could not make a slave free, because slaves were property and a persons right to property is protected under the 5th amendment

Abraham Licoln and Stephen Douglass debates

Mar 9, 1858

• They were debating to see who would win the 1858 senate seat
  
• Neither wanted slavery, but they disagreed on how to keep it out Douglass – believed in popular sovereignty Lincoln – believed that the abolition of slavery had to be a congressional decision
  
• Douglass won the debate and the senate seat, but Lincoln was being considered as a republican presidential canidate
  

John Brown's raid / Harpers Ferry

Oct 15, 1859

• John Brown hoped to seize the federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia and start a slave uprising, but failed
  
• Troops came in and took control capturing the men involved, including John Brown who was executed
  
• Strong reactions to his execution occurred in both north and south and marked the first timw violence was implemented in disagreements over slavery
  

Formation of The Confederacy

Feb 10, 1861

• It was formed on February 1861 and Jefferson Davis was elected president
  
• States who Joined – South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana,

Atack on Fort Sumter

Apr 12, 1861

• On April 12, 1861 the confederates attacked Fort Sumter and with the encouragment of the people tried harder and harder to get in
  
• For Sumter fell to the Confederacy and Lincoln called for citizens to enlist in the army, northerners showed complete support and the south none at all
  
• Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee ( seceded from the union )
  

Batlle of Bull Run

Jul 12, 1861

• On July 12, 1861 the union had the upper hand, but the south was inspired by their commander Thomas Jackson who stood on the front lines and held his position
  
• Thomas Jackson became known as ( Stonewall Jackson )
  
• This battle stood as the first victory for the South
  

Cnscription

Jun 30, 1862

• A draft that forced men to serve in the army that was implemented in both the north and the south
  
• Occurred due to social upheaval, political unrest, heavy casualties, widespread desertion, and intensified fighting
  

Battle at Antietam

Sep 17, 1862

• It occurred on September 17, 1862 and was a single day battle that was one of the bloodiest single day battles of the war
  
• Instead of pursuing the weakened confederate army and possibly winning the war the northern general chose not to pursue the confederate troops
  
• The northern general or commander was relieved of duty as a result
  

Emancipation Proclamation

Jan 1, 1863

• On January 1, 1863 Lincoln issued the emancipation proclamation, which allowed union soldiers to emancipate slaves, and emancipation became not just a moral issue, but a weapon of war
  
• It increased support for the war because the war was given a moral purpose by turning the struggle into a fight to free all slaves
  

Income Tax

Mar 10, 1863

• A strategy that was used to help pay for the war
  
• It is a tax that takes a specified percentage of an individual’s income
  

Battle at Gettysburg

Jul 1, 1863

• On July 1, 1863 the Northern troops were waiting in a town named gettysburg to suprise a group of marching confederate troops
  
• Both soon called forr reinforcements
  
• Union troops won under the command of general George Mead

Gettysburg Adrress

Nov 10, 1863

• A two minute speech given by president Abraham Lincoln
• helped the country to realize it was not just a collection of states, but a unified nation

Sherman's March

Apr 27, 1864

• William Tecumseh Sherman, commander of the Union military division of the Mississippi, believed like Grant that if the Union could destroy the Southern population’s will to fight, ther Confederacy would collapse (Total War).
• Grant was to decimate Lee’s army in Virginia while Sherman raided Georgia. Sherman wanted to make Southerners “so sick of war that generations would pass away before they would again appeal to it.”
• In the spring of 1864, Sherman began his march southeast through Georg

Surrender at Appomattox Court House

Apr 3, 1865

• Union troops captured the Confederate capital, Richmond, VA on April 3, 1865.
• On April 9, 1865, Lee and Grant met at a private home in the Virginia town of Appomattox Court House to discuss the terms of surrender.
• At Lincoln’s request, Grant paroled Lee’s soldiers and sent them home with their possessions plus three days’ worth of rations, and officers were permitted to keep their side arms.
• Within a month, all remaining Confederate resistance collapsed.

Assasination of Abraham Lincoln

Apr 15, 1865

• Lincoln was shot in the back of the head while watching a play at Ford’s Theatre on April 14, 1865, just 5 days after Lee surrendered.
• The assassin, John Wilkes Booth, a 26-year-old actor and Southern sympathizer, initially escaped, to be trapped and killed by Union cavalry 12 days later.

The Thirteenth Amendment

Dec 12, 1865

• “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States.”
• Ratified at the end of 1865, after some political maneuvering.

Abolition

Mar 8, 1900

• The movement to abolish slavery that became the most important of a series of reform movements in America
  

Texas enters the Union

Dec 29, 1945

• On December 29, 1845, Texas entered the union
  
• Events were quickly leading toward war between the United States and Mexico