-
Missouri Compromise
Maine accepted as a free state and MIssouri as a lave state. 36 30 North latitude: South-slavery legal, North-slavery illegal -
Abolishment
By the 1820s, abolition had taken hold. More than 100 antislavery societies were advocating that African
Americans be resettled in Africa. In 1817, the American Colonization Society had been founded to encourage black emigration. Other abolitionists, however, demanded that African Americans remain in the United States as free citizens. -
Underground Railroad
The system of escape routes they used became known as the
Underground Railroad. It started by African Americans and white abolitionists. Its purpose is to hide fugitive slaves. -
Santa Fe Trial
stretched 780 miles from Missouri to
Santa Fe in the Mexican province of New Mexico. A trial wesward. -
San Felipe de Austin
A prominent leader of Americans settle in West. He issued 297 land grants to the group later known as Texas Old 300 -
Mexico abolishes slavery
The culture differences created sifficualties between southern Anglos and Mexico government. Mexico, which had abolished slavery in 1829 insisted that the Texans free their slaves. Enviroment extremely unstable. -
Nat Turner’s Rebellion
slaves rebelled against their condition of
bondage. Turner and more than 50 followers attacked four
plantations and killed about 60 whites. Whites eventually captured and executed many members of the group, including Turner. -
The Liberator
An antislavery newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison.Delivered an uncompromising emand: immediate emancipation. -
Stephen F. Austin goes to jail
Austin had traveled to Mexico City late in 1833 to present petitions to Mexican president Antonio López de Santa Anna for greater self-government for Texas. While Austin was on his way home, Santa Anna had Austin imprisoned for inciting
revolution. -
Texas Revolution
Austin returned to Texas and convinced that a rebellion is needed. Defeated in Alamo. With shouts of “Remember the Alamo!” the Texans killed 630 of Santa Anna’s soldiers in 18 minutes and captured Santa Anna himself. -
Oregon Trial
stretched from Missouri to Oregon City, Oregon. Blazed by 2 methodist missionaries -
Manifest Destiny
U.S. was obtained yo expand to the Pacific Ocean and then to Mexican territoy. Many Americans feel that proceed to west is inevitable. People think that they can find fortune and start fresh at west territory. -
Mexican-American War
Mexico claimed the Nueces River as its northeastern border, while the U.S. claimed the Rio Grande River, and the day that both troops met at the Rio Grande and the Mexican army opened fire, on April 25, 1846, the Mexican American War began. -
The North Star
Federick Douglass began his own antislavery newspaper. He named it The North Star. broked with Garrison. Because he does not believe that abolition justified whatever means were necessary to achieve it. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The United States and Mexico signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Mexico agreed to the Rio Grande as the border between Texas and Mexico -
Texas enters the United States
the United States and Mexico signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Mexico agreed to the Rio Grande as the border between Texas and Mexico and ceded the New Mexico and California territories to the United States. -
Harriet Tubman
Shortly after passage of the Fugitive Slave
Act, Tubman resolved to become a conductor on the Underground Railroad. In all, she made 19 trips back to the South and is said to have helped 300 slaves—including her own parents—flee to freedom. -
Compromise of 1850
Henry Clay worked to shape a compromise that both the North
and the South could accept. Presented infront of Senate of series of resolutions. -
Fugitive Slave Act
Under the law, alleged fugitive slaves were not entitled to a trial by jury. In addition, anyone convicted of helping a fugitive was liable for a fine of $1,000 and imprisonment for
up to six months. Infuriated by the Fugitive Slave Act, some Northerners resisted it by organizing “vigilance committees” to send endangered African Americans to safety in Canada. Others resorted to violence to rescue fugitive slaves. Still others worked to help slaves escape from slavery. -
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
In 1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe published her novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin, which stressed that slavery was not just a political contest, but also a great moral struggle. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Douglas introduced a bill in Congress on January 23, 1854, that would divide the area into two territories: Nebraska in the north and Kansas in the south.After months of struggle, the Kansas-Nebraska Act became law in 1854. -
Dread Scott v. Sandford
Dred Scott, a slave whose owner took him from the slave state of Missouri to free territory in Illinois and Wisconsin and back to Missouri. Scott appealed to the Supreme Court for his freedom on the grounds that living in a free state—Illinois—and a free territory—Wisconsin—had made him a free man. On March 6, 1857, the Supreme Court ruled against Dred Scott. -
John Brown’s raid/Harpers Ferry
Brown secretly obtained financial backing from several
prominent Northern abolitionists. On the night of October 16, 1859, he led a band of 21 men, black and white, into Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia). His aim was to seize the federal arsenal there and start a general slave uprising. -
Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas Debates
They were debating a series of debates on the issue of slavery in the territories. Douglas believed deeply in popular sovereignty. Lincoln, on the other hand, believed that slavery
was immoral. Douglas won at last. -
Abraham Lincoln becomes president
As the 1860 presidential election approached, the Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln appeared to be moderate in his views. Although he pledged to halt the further spread of slavery, he also tried to reassure Southerners that a Republican administration would not “interfere with their slaves, or with them, about their slaves.” Nonetheless, many Southerners viewed him as an enemy. -
Formation of the Confederacy
In February 1861, delegates from the secessionist states met in
Montgomery, Alabama, where they formed the Confederate
States of America, or Confederacy. Jefferson Davis was the president. -
Battle of Bull Run
The first bloodshed on the battlefield occurred about three months
after Fort Sumter fell, near the little creek of Bull Run, just 25 miles from Washington, D.C. . In the afternoon Confederate
reinforcements helped win the first Southern victory. Fortunately for the Union, the Confederates were too exhausted to follow up their victory with an attack on Washington. Still, Confederate morale soared. Many Confederate soldiers, confident that the war was over, left the army and went home. -
Attack on Fort Sumter
Months earlier, as soon as the Confederacy was formed, Confederate soldiers in each secessionist state began seizing federal installations—especially forts. Lincoln decided to neither abandon Fort Sumter nor reinforce it. He would
merely send in “food for hungry men.” At 4:30 A.M. on April 12, Confederate batteries began thundering away to the cheers of Charleston’s citizens. The deadly struggle between North and South was under way. -
Battle at Antietam
McClellan ordered his men to pursue Lee, and the two
sides fought on near a creek called the
Antietam (Bn-tCPtEm). The clash proved to be the bloodiest
single-day battle in American history, with casualties
totaling more than 26,000. -
Emancipation Proclamation
On January 1, 1863, Lincoln issued his Emancipation Proclamation. The proclamation did not free any slaves immediately because it applied only to areas behind Confederate lines, outside Union control. Nevertheless, for many, the proclamation gave the war a moral purpose by turning the struggle into a fight to free the slaves. It also ensured that compromise was no longer possible. -
Conscription
As the fighting intensified, heavy casualties and widespread desertions led each side to impose conscription, a draft that forced men to serve in the army. -
Battle at Gettysburg
The Battle of Gettysburg began on July 1 when Confederate soldiers led by A. P. Hill encountered several brigades of Union cavalry under the command of John Buford, an experienced officer from Illinois. -
Battle at Vicksburg
Vicksburg itself was particularly important because it rested
on bluffs above the river from which guns could control all water traffic. Federal commander Grant cptured Vicksburg. Residents suffered.( Their confidence growing with every victory, Grant and his troops rushed toVicksburg, hoping to take the city while the rebels were reeling from their losses.Grant ordered two frontal attacks on Vicksburg, neither of which succeeded. ) -
Gettysburg address
A ceremony was held to dedicate a cemetery in Gettysburg. There, President Lincoln spoke for a little more than two minutes. According to some contemporary historians, Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address “remade America.” Before Lincoln’s speech, people said,
“The United States are . . .” Afterward, they said, “The United States is . . .” In
other words, the speech helped the country to realize that it was not just a collection
of individual states; it was one unified nation. -
Sherman’s March
Sherman began his march southeast through Georgia to the sea, creating a wide path of destruction. His army burned almost every house in its path and destroyed livestock and railroads. By mid-November he had burned most of Atlanta. After reaching the ocean, Sherman’s forces—followed by 25,000 former slaves—turned north to help Grant “wipe out Lee.” -
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
On April 14, 1865, five days after Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox, Lincoln and his wife went to Ford’s Theatre in Washington to see a British comedy, Our American Cousin. During its third act, a man crept up behind Lincoln and shot the president
in the back of his head. -
Income Tax
As the Northern economy grew, Congress decided to help pay for the war by collecting the nation’s first income tax, a tax that takes a specified percentage of an individual’s income. -
Surrender at Appomattox Court House
In a Virginia town called Appomattox (BpQE-mBtPEks) Court House, Lee and Grant met at a private home to arrange a Confederate surrender. At Lincoln’s request, the terms were generous. Grant paroled Lee’s soldiers and sent them
home with their possessions and three days’ worth of rations. Officers were permitted keep their side arms. Within a month all remaining Confederate resistance collapsed. After four long years, the Civil War was over. -
Thirteenth Amendment
After some political maneuvering, the
Thirteenth Amendment was ratified at
the end of 1865. The U.S. Constitution now stated, “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted,
shall exist within the United States.”
