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Missouri Compromise 1820-1821
president:Henry Clay
Maine was admitted as a free state and Missouri as a slave state. The rest of the Louisiana Territory was split into two parts. The dividing line was set at 36°30´ north latitude. South of the line, slavery was legal. North of the line—except in Missouri—slavery was banned -
Santa Fe Trail
stretched 780 miles from Independence, Missouri, to Santa Fe in the Mexican province of New Mexico -
San Felipe de Austin
a colony where “no drunkard, no gambler, no profane swearer, and no idler” would be allowed established be Stephen F. Austin.
Austin’s father, Moses Austin, had received a land grant from Spain to establish a colony between the Brazos and Colorado rivers but died before he was able to carry out his plans. Stephen obtained permission, first from Spain and then from Mexico after it had won its independence, to carry out his father’s project. -
Mexico abolishes slavery
many of the settlers were Southerners, who had brought slaves with them to Texas. Mexico, which had abolished slavery in 1829, insisted in vain that the Texans free their slaves. -
the liberator
William Lloyd Garrison
established his own paper, The Liberator, to deliver an uncompromising demand: immediate emancipation. -
Nat Turner’s Rebellion
August 1831, Turner and more than 50 followers attacked four plantations and killed about 60 whites. Whites eventually captured and executed many members of the group, including Turner -
Stephen F. Austin goes to jail
present petitions to Mexican president Antonio López de Santa Anna for greater self-government for Texas. Santa Anna had Austin imprisoned for inciting revolution -
Oregon Trail
Location:stretched from Independence,Missouri, to Oregon City, Oregon
First Travelers:two Methodist missionaries named Marcus and Narcissa Whitman
Proved:wagons could travel on the Oregon Trail. -
Texas Revolution
the 1836 rebellion in which Texas gained its independence from Mexico -
Manifest Destiny
the Americans movement wesward to expand to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican and Native American territory. -
Texas enters the United States
Southerners wanted Texas in order to extend slavery, which already had been established there. Northerners feared that the annexation of more slave territory would tip the uneasy balance in the Senate in favor of slave states—and prompt war with Mexico -
Mexican-American War
started with U.S. annexation of Texas and was the result of disagreement over where the Mexican-American border should be. -
The North Star
Frederick Douglass
hoped abolition could be achieved without violence -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Mexico agreed to the Rio Grande as the border between Texas and Mexico and
ceded the New Mexico and California territories to the United States. The United States agreed to pay $15 million for the Mexican cession, which included presentday California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utahmost of Arizona, and parts of
Colorado and Wyoming. -
Harriet Tubman
Shortly after passage of the Fugitive Slave Act, Tubman resolved to become a conductor on the Underground Railroad. In all, she made 19 trips back to the South and is said to have helped 300 slaves—including her own parents—flee to freedom -
Compromise of 1850
To please the North, the compromise provided that California be admitted to the Union as a free state. To please the South, the compromise proposed a new and more effective fugitive slave law. To placate both sides, a provision allowed popular sovereignty, the right to vote for or against slavery, for residents of the New Mexico and Utah territories. -
Uncle Tom's Cabin
stressed that slavery was not just a political contest, but also a great moral struggle
expressed her lifetime hatred of slavery -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Senator Stephen Douglas
would divide the area into two territories: Nebraska in the north and Kansas in the south. If passed, the bill would repeal the Missouri Compromise and establish popular sovereignty for both territories -
Dread Scott v. Sandford
a slave
owner took him from the slave state of Missouri to free territory in Illinois and Wisconsin and back to Missouri. Scott appealed to the Supreme Court for his freedom on the grounds that living in a free state,Illinois,and a free territory,Wisconsin,had made him a free man
Supreme Court ruled against Dred Scott. According to the ruling, Scott lacked any legal standing to sue in federal court because he was not, and never could be, a citizen -
Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas Debates
Neither wanted slavery in the territories, but they disagreed on how to keep it out
Douglas believed deeply in popular sovereignty
Lincoln believed that slavery was immoral
Douglas won the Senate seat -
John Brown’s raid/Harpers Ferry
Brown secretly obtained financial backing from several prominent Northern abolitionists. On the night of October 16, 1859, he led a band of 21 men, black and white, into Harpers Ferry, Virginia. His aim was to seize the federal arsenal there and start a general slave uprising. -
Abraham Lincoln becomes president
Lincoln appeared to be moderate in his views. Although he pledged to halt the further spread of slavery, he also tried to reassure Southerners that a Republican administration would not “interfere with their slaves, or with them, about their slaves.” -
Formation of the Confederacy
december 20,1860
Lincon
Mississippi, South Carolina’s, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas -
Attack on Fort Sumter
as soon as the Confederacy was formed, Confederate soldiers in each secessionist state began seizing federal installations, especially forts. By March 4, 1861, only four Southern forts remained in Union hands.most important: Fort Sumter, on an island in Charleston harbor.Lincoln decided to neither abandon Fort Sumter nor reinforce it. He would merely send in “food for hungry men.” -
Battle of Bull Run
The first bloodshed on the battlefield occurred about three months after Fort Sumter fell, near the little creek of Bull Run.The battle was a seesaw affair. In the morning the Union army gained the upper hand, but the Confederates held firm.Confederate reinforcements helped win the first Southern victory -
Battle at Antietam
clash proved to be the bloodi- est single-day battle in American history, with casualties totaling more than 26,000. The next day, instead of pursuing the battered Confederate army into Virginia and possibly ending the war, McClellan did nothing.result:Lincoln removed him from command. -
Emancipation Proclamation
freed slaves only to areas behind Confederate lines, outside Union control
gave the war a moral purpose by turning the struggle into a fight to free the slaves. It also ensured that compromise was no longer possible -
Conscription
a draft that forced men to serve in the army -
Battle at Vicksburg
Grant and his troops rushed to Vicksburg, hoping to take the city while the rebels were reeling from their losses. Grant ordered two frontal attacks on Vicksburg, neither of which succeeded. Grant settled in for a siege.Confederate command of Vicksburg asked Grant for terms of surren- der. The city fell on July 4 -
Battle at Gettysburg
By the end of the first day of fighting, 90,000 Union troops under the command of General George Meade had taken the field against 75,000 Confederates, led by General Lee
By the second day of battle, the Confederates had driven the Union troops from Gettysburg and had taken control of the town
The three-day battle produced staggering losses: 23,000 Union men and 28,000 Confederates were killed or wounded. Total casualties were more than 30 percent. Despite the devastation, Northerners were enthu -
Gettysburg address
President Lincon's 2 min. speech at the ceremony that was held to dedicate to the cemetery in Gettysburg -
Sherman’s March
William Tecumseh Sherman: Grant’s overall strategy was to decimate Lee’s army in Virginia while Sherman raided Georgia BUT sherman began his march southeast through Georgia to the sea, His army burned almost every house in its path and destroyed livestock and railroads.Sherman’s forces turned north to help Grant “wipe out Lee.” -
Thirteenth Amendment
“Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly con- victed, shall exist within the United States.” -
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
Ford’s Theatre in Washington
John Wilkes Booth, a 26-year-old actor and Southern sympathizer
angry about Lincons changes -
Surrender at Appomattox Court House
Virginia,Appomattox Court House
Lee and Grant
Grant paroled Lee’s soldiers and sent them home with their possessions and three days’ worth of rations. Officers were permitted to keep their side arms -
Abolition
the movement to abolish slavery -
Fugitive Slave Act
under this law alleged fugitive slaves were not entitled to a trial by jury. In addition, anyone con- victed of helping a fugitive was liable for a fine of $1,000 and imprisonment for up to six months.some Northerners resisted it by organizing “vigilance committees” to send endangered African Americans to safety in Canada. Others resorted to violence to rescue fugitive slaves. Still others worked to help slaves escape from slavery -
Underground Railroad
free African Americans and white abolitionists developed a secret network of people who would hide fugitive slaves. The system of escape routes for fugitives that led to the north where they would be free -
Income Tax
a tax that takes a specified percentage of an individual’s income
