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ABOLITION
Abolition, the movement to abolish
slavery, became the most important of a series of reform movements in America. -
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Missouri Compromise
Maine was admitted as a free state and Missouri as a slave state. The rest of the Louisiana Territory was split into 2 parts. The dividing line was set at the 36'30 north latitude. South of the line, slavery was legal, north of the line-except in Missouri-slavery was banned. president james monroe was the current president. -
San Felipe de Austin
One of the more prominent leaders of American settlers was San Felipe de Austin. Austin's father had recieved a land grant from Spain to establish a colony between the Brazos and the Colorado river , but died before he could. Stephen took over his mission. The main settlement of the colony was named San Felipe de Ausin. -
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Santa Fe Trail
One of the busiets routes which stretched 780 miles from Independence, Missouri, to santa fe in the mexican providence of new mexico. -
Mexico abolishes slavery
This was a problem in Texas because many Americans had settled there and were not willing to give up their slaves. -
Nat Turners Rebellion
The Turner rebellion frightened and
outraged slaveholders. In some states, people argued that the only way to prevent
slave revolts was through emancipation. Others, however, chose to tighten
restrictions on all African Americans to prevent them from plotting insurrections.
Some proslavery advocates began to argue that slavery was a benevolent institution.
They used the Bible to defend slavery and cited passages that counseled servants
to obey their masters. -
The Liberator
The most radical white abolitionist was a young
editor named William Lloyd Garrison. Active in religious reform movements
in Massachusetts, Garrison became the editor of an antislavery paper in 1828.
Three years later he established his own paper, The Liberator, to deliver an uncompromising
demand: immediate emancipation. -
Stephen F. Austin goes to jail
Austin -
Stephen F. Austin goes to jail
Austin had traveled to Mexico city late in 1833 to present petitions to Mexican president Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna for greater self-government for Texas. While Austin was on his way home, Santa Anna had Austin imprisioned for inciting revolution. -
Oregon trail
stretched from independence missouri to oregen city, oregon. it was blazed in 1836 by two methodist missionaries named marcus and narcissa whitman. by driving their wagon as far as fort boise. theyu proved that wagons could travel on the oregon trail. -
Texas enters the United States
e Treaty of Velasco, which granted independence to Texas. In
September 1836, Sam Houston was elected president of the new Republic of Texas. -
Texas Revolution
After Santa Anna suspended local powers in Texas and other Mexican statws, several rebellions broke out, including the Texas Revolution: rebellion in which Texas gained its independence from Mexico. -
Manifest Destiny
expressed the belief that the united states was ordained to expand to the pacific ocean and into mexican and native american territory. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
United States and Mexico signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
Mexico agreed to the Rio Grande as the border between Texas and Mexico and
ceded the New Mexico and California territories to the United States. The UnitedStates agreed to pay $15 million for the Mexican cession, which included presentday
California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, most of Arizona, and parts of
Colorado and Wyoming -
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Mexican American War
The Mexican-American War was the first major conflict driven by the idea of "Manifest Destiny"; the belief that America had a God-given right, or destiny, to expand the country's borders from 'sea to shining sea'. This belief would eventually cause a great deal of suffering for many Mexicans, Native Americans and United States citizens. Following the earlier Texas War of Independence from Mexico, tensions between the two largest independent nations on the North American continent grew as Texas -
The North Star
Douglass began his own
antislavery newspaper. He named it
The North Star, after the star that
guided runaway slaves to freedom. -
Hariett Tubman
One of the most famous conductors was Harriet Tubman,
born a slave in Maryland in 1820 or 1821. In 1849, after Tubman’s
owner died, she heard rumors that she was about to be sold. Fearing
this possibility, Tubman decided to make a break for freedom and succeeded
in reaching Philadelphia. Shortly after passage of the Fugitive Slave
Act, Tubman resolved to become a conductor on the Underground
Railroad. In all, she made 19 trips back to the South and is said to have
helped 300 slaves flee to freed -
Compromise of 1850
Clay’s compromise contained provisions to appease Northerners as well as
Southerners. To please the North, the compromise provided that California beadmitted to the Union as a free state. To please the South, the compromise proposed
a new and more effective fugitive slave law. To placate both sides, a provision
allowed popular sovereignty, the right to vote for or against slavery, for
residents of the New Mexico and Utah territories -
Fugitive Slave Act
The harsh terms of the Fugitive Slave Act surprised many people. Under the law,
alleged fugitive slaves were not entitled to a trial by jury. In addition, anyone convicted
of helping a fugitive was liable for a fine of $1,000 and imprisonment for
up to six months. Infuriated by the Fugitive Slave Act, some Northerners resisted
it by organizing “vigilance committees” to send endangered African Americans to
safety in Canada. Others resorted to violence to rescue fugitive slaves. Still others
worke -
Underground Railroad
As time went on, free African Americans and white abolitionists developed a
secret network of people who would, at great risk to themselves, hide fugitive
slaves. The system of escape routes they used became known as the
Underground Railroad. “Conductors” on the routes hid fugitives in
secret tunnels and false cupboards, provided them with food and clothing,
and escorted or directed them to the next “station.” Once fugitives
reached the North, many chose to remain there. Others journeyed to
Cana -
Uncle Toms Cabin
Harriet
Beecher Stowe published her novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin, which stressed
that slavery was not just a political contest, but also a great moral struggle.
As a young girl, Stowe had watched boats filled with people on
their way to be sold at slave markets. Uncle Tom’s Cabin expressed her
lifetime hatred of slavery. The book stirred Northern abolitionists to
increase their protests against the Fugitive Slave Act, whileSoutherners criticized the book as an
attack on the South. -
Kansas Nebraska Act p2
rn congressmen
saw the bill as part of a plot to turn the territories into slave states.
Southerners strongly defended the proposed legislation. After months of struggle,
the Kansas-Nebraska Act became law in 1854. -
Kansas Nebraska Act p1
The only difficulty was that, unlike New Mexico and Utah, the Kansas and Nebraska territory lay north of the MissouriCompromise line of 36°30’ and therefore was legally
closed to slavery. Douglas introduced a bill in Congress on January 23, 1854, that would divide the area into two territories: Nebraska in the north and Kansas in the south. If passed, the bill would repeal the Missouri Compromise and establish popular sovereignty for both territories. Congressional debatewas bitter. Some Northre -
Dread Scott V Sandford
Dred Scott, a slave whose owner took him from
the slave state of Missouri to free territory in Illinois and Wisconsin
and back to Missouri. Scott appealed to the Supreme Court for his
freedom on the grounds that living in a free state—Illinois—and
a free territory—Wisconsin—had made him a free man.
The case was in court for years. Finally, on March 6, 1857,
the Supreme Court ruled against Dred Scott. According to the
ruling, Scott lacked any legal standing to sue in federal court
because he was -
John Brown/ Harpers Ferry
abolitionist John Brown was studying the slave uprisings that had
occurred in ancient Rome and believed that the time was ripe for similar uprisings in the United States.he led a band of 21 men, black and white, into Harpers Ferry, Virginia
(now West Virginia). His aim was to seize the federal arsenal there
and start a general slave uprising. -
Lincoln and Douglas Debates
Neither wanted slavery in the territories,
but they disagreed on how to keep it out. Douglas believed deeply in ppular sovereignty. Lincoln, on the other hand, elieved that slavery was immoral. However, he did not expect individuals to give up slavery unless Congress abolished slavery with an amendment. -
Lincoln becomes President
. Lincoln emerged as the winner with less than half the popular
vote and with no electoral votes from the South. He did not even appear on the
ballot in most of the slave states because of Southern hostility toward him. The
outlook for the Union was grim -
Formation of the Confederacy
Mississippi soon followed South Carolina’s lead, as did
Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. In
February 1861, delegates from the secessionist states met in
Montgomery, Alabama, where they formed the Confederate
States of America, or Confederacy. They also drew up a
constitution that closely resembled that of the United
States, but with a few notable differences. The most important
difference was that it “protected and recognized” slavery
in new territories. -
Attack on Fort Sumter
News of Fort Sumter’s fall united the North. When Lincoln called for volunteers,
the response throughout the Northern states was overwhelming. However,
Lincoln’s call for troops provoked a very different reaction in the states of the upper South. -
Battle of Bull run
The first bloodshed on the battlefield occurred about three months after Fort Sumter fell, near the little creek of Bull Run, just 25 miles from Washington, D.C. The battle was a seesaw affair. In the morning the Union army
gained the upper hand, but the Confederates held firm, inspired by General Thomas J. Jackson. “There stands Jackson like a stone wall!” another general shouted, coining the nickname Stonewall Jackson. In the afternoon Confederate reinforcements helped win the first Southern v -
Battle at Antietam