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Plessy v Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson was a case made due to a law broke by Plessy. Though Plessy was saying his rights were being violated, it was over race. This was up till the day Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka in 1954 came and turned it back to law. In 1890 there was a law that was challenged in the Supreme Court that provided '“equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races” on its railroads.'(http://bit.ly/1uuLcJp) -
Congress of Racial Equality(CORE)
CORE became known as one of the leading activist organizations of the early years of the Civil Rights Movement. They worked with other Civil Rights Movement groups, but they were completely non-violent. CORE was founded on campus of University of Chicago in 1942. By 1955 CORE provided non-violence training. That happened in the South, in which people were hired to be on their staff. In 1960 it gained attention by others, when they had lunch and wouldn't serve blacks. (http://bit.ly/2nCak4H) -
Jackie Robinson
Jackie Robinson was fresh out of the army and decided to play baseball professionally in 1944. This sport was segregated making him only allowed to play on a black team. This was true until Branch Rickey wanted him on his team, though Jackie joined Montreal Royals in 1946. Jackie was tested on racism and threats. He had a '" .349 batting average and .985 fielding percentage."'. On April 15th 1947, Jackie was known to be the first black to make it to the Major League. (http://bit.ly/1hNZsa4) -
Sweatt v Painter
Sweatt v Painter is a racial case in which Sweatt wanted to attend at the University of Texas Law School. Getting into the school was hard because he was black and that was why his application was rejected. He took it to Court thinking he'd get the relief to attend the University he applied to in the first place. The Supreme Court did not relieve him though, but a school was built so any black person could attend at another law school in Texas. He decided not to go there. (http://bit.ly/2oi3pvh) -
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Brown v Board of Education
Brown v Board of Education was given its name from five separate cases. These cases involved segregation in public schools. It was brought to the attention that having separate school systems violates the "equal protection clause". After Vinson died, Earl Warren took his place, who then agreed. The decision was declared to all that separate but equal is not right and should not be tolerated any longer on May 14th 1954. (http://bit.ly/1cnSbhI) -
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Montgomery bus boycott
Montgomery bus boycott was where African Americans refused to ride city buses. There was a big demonstration on segregation on December 1st, where a woman by the name of Rosa Parks who was fined and arrested. She didn't give up her seat to a white man, starting her court date, she started the boycott. There was a case similar to this one of a person named Claudette Colvin. Yet Colvin got off because she was pregnant.The bus seating arrangements were said to be a violation.(http://bit.ly/1ymBgQq) -
"The Southern Manifesto"
The Southern Manifesto was a resolution condemning the Brown v Board of Education. The resolution was considered an abuse of judicial power. It was said that the original Constitution does not involve education. Segregating schools started in the North, and becoming what they wanted to be, but changed their school systems. With a different opinion now in the open it created some confusion and chaos. (http://to.pbs.org/1hc6YZt) -
Little Rock-Central High School
Nine black students enrolled at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. Their classes started on September 4th 1957 but they were asked to be barred by the governor of Arkansas. Dwight D. Eisenhower asked troops to escort the nine students, on September 25th, for their first full day. With all that had happened it was called on for gradual integration of Arkansas' schools. This was important for all people to get used to the idea. (http://bit.ly/1ufa8Cs) -
Greensboro sit-in
The Greensboro sit-in was where four African American college students sat down for lunch and were refused service. This challenged racial inequality. They were the start of something even bigger. That would include students, civil rights organizations, churches, and people in the community. This was called a six month long protest, which was only a start, that was a desegregation. (http://s.si.edu/1jLno02) -
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee(SNCC)
In North Carolina, Ella Baker, helped to set up the first meeting of SNCC. She felt that Martin Luther King Jr. wasn't in touch with the little blacks.That is why SNCC was made, to have the small blacks have their voice known or of importance to the Civil Rights Movement. Baker wanted to speed up the process of the movement. She felt that it would be best and encouraged non-violence, not for life but politically. (http://bit.ly/2g8KEXt) -
Freedom Rides
There's a total of 13 African American and white Civil Rights activists. They went through a series of trips in interstate bus terminals to protest. This group of people was called the freedom riders. They were recruited by the Congress of Racial Equality. There's a little violence when African American freedom riders used "whites only" bathrooms and lunch counters. The Interstate Commerce Commission, in September 1961 prohibited segregation in bus and train stations.(http://bit.ly/1vgaxE1) -
"Letter from Birmingham jail"
Martin Luther King Jr., protesters, and civil rights leaders, were arrested on good Friday. They just wanted the point to get across that they were being racially discriminated. They were just trying hard not to be discriminated so they wanted the whites on their level. MLK Jr., purposefully, stayed in jail longer, telling others not to bail him out so it'll seek out the attention of the others. MLK Jr., wrote a letter after he was snuck a newsletter from a friend.(http://bit.ly/2ofQ4UX) -
Medgar Evers
Medgar Evers was a civil activist whose death caused a lot of popularity. Medgar was a service to World War two, and it was located in Mississippi. When that was all over, he worked for the NAACP. In 1954 he tried to segregate the University of Mississippi Law School. In Medgar's own driveway, on June 12th, he was shot in the back around twelve o'clock a.m. This was all due to threats and those who didn't like what he was about.(http://bit.ly/2iQuaXC) -
March on Washington
This March was an annual meet, it was used to shed light on politics and discrimination. Martin Luther King Jr. gave the "I have a dream" speech. They wanted to advocate the Civil Rights Act. Although their ideals were to attract as many as they could and distribute their thoughts about everything going on, not everyone liked what they were doing. Even though John F. Kennedy didn't like it all, blacks and whites were together this day to do what they did. (http://bit.ly/1i6tu7Z) -
Bombing of Birmingham Church
Even though there was the march and speech, there was still racial tensions. This is what caused the explosion of the bomb. KKK had already threatened black churches and meetings. Blacks still were caught off guard to the bombing. Four young girls were found dead in the bathroom of the church and though many escaped, many were injured. MLK Jr. spoke at 3 of the girls funeral, and after some drama went down, one by one the KKK people were all brought to justice. (http://bit.ly/1CwahtD) -
Civil Rights Act passed
This act was so there was no more discrimination for employment or any public place. It borderlined on race, color, religion, sex or national origin. John F. Kennedy and south members didn't like this act one bit. After John F. Kennedy died Lyndon B. Johnson was on a different side. The south said, "the bill unconstitutionally usurped individual liberties and states’ rights". One amendment passed, in Virginia, was an amendment to ban employment discrimination against women(http://bit.ly/1udSFsU) -
Mississippi Freedom Summer
SNCC and CORE were involved in the Freedom Summer to increase voter registration. When 1,000 white out of state people came to town, they were abused/harassed. All the way from the KKK to authority. There was even carried out violence ranging from arson to murder. COFO was running the Mississippi project. This was in November 1963, in which SNCC was a very active member. There was a total of three badly beaten boys 2 white, one black, this shook trust. (http://bit.ly/1jCdm18) -
Malcolm X assassinated
Malcolm X is the son of a Baptist preacher. The preacher is the one who advocated the black nationalists ideals. When Malcolm was in Boston, he became involved in criminal activities. Elijah Muhammad was a big influence on Malcolm that he changed his last name to "X" for a meaning of stolen ancestry. To many of the people around him and observing him. He was becoming too powerful. One day when Malcolm was at home he was shot and his house bombed.(http://bit.ly/1lATEnS) -
Selma to Montgomery march
SCLC was involved with how to make the focus of registering black voters. There was a March from Selma to Montgomery, which included violence and protest from local authorities. With the march and King's participation, there was help to pass the Voting Rights Act. While the protesters were protected by U.S. troops and Alabama National Guard, they slept in fields along the way to Montgomery from Selma. (http://bit.ly/1nGD5oz) -
Voting Rights Act approved
This document was signed for mostly the sole purpose of overcoming legal barriers.(http://bit.ly/1x2nE2e) -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference(SCLC)
The resolution to desist that of the military against Buddhists, Catholics, and students who want to make the government a democracy. This was to show the dissatisfaction of the handling of the Vietnam War. Martin Luther King Jr. was the one to help start the SCLC in 1957 to coordinate the South protests. King was identified with the antiwar movement. There was domestic programs that King thought was being tossed aside due to the war. (http://bit.ly/2petPOx) -
James Meredith
James Meredith was accepted to the University of Mississippi in 1962. He was turned down to go to the school due to racism. On September 20th, James wasn't able to register in the office of the school. Turns out, Governor Ross was in trouble on September 28th for civil contempt and told to stop desegregation. Since James was escorted on campus by marshals, a riot broke out. He then resumed the next day. 3 years later, June 6th, he was sent to the hospital due to a sniper.(http://bit.ly/1oA25xm) -
Twenty-fourth Amendment
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Black Panthers
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King assassinated
