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Plessy v Ferguson
The state of Louisiana enacted a law that required separate railway cars for blacks and whites. The law stemmed from a man called homer Plessy, because he decided one day he was going to refuse to sit in one of the Jim Crows Car for blacks, which was breaking the law. This cause a giant conflict. Following the Plessy decision, problems and restrictive legislation based on race continued and it wasn't overturned till later http://bit.ly/1uuLcJp -
Congress of Racial Equality
Founded in 1942, the Congress of Racial Equality became one of the leading activist organizations in the early years of the American Civil Rights Movement. Core launched a series of initiatives: the Freedom Rides, aimed at desegregating public facilities, the Freedom Summer voter registration project and the historic 1963 March on Washington. Core tried to be a non-violent approach to fighting racial segregation. http://bit.ly/2nCak4H -
Civil rights act passed
The act ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin. Later congress expanded the act and passed additional things aimed to help equality for African Americans. Later the civil rights act was later used to being disabled Americans and elderly and women under the act too. It also helped the Voting rights act, and the fair housing act of 1968, which also banned descrimjnating in other properties. (History.com) -
Jackie Robinson
Jackie Robinson was the first black athlete to play Major League Baseball in the 20th century. He signed with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947. He was a vocal civil rights activist. Robinson served as a second lieutenant in the United States Army. Robinson was arrested in 1944 for refusing to give up his seat and move to the back of a segregated bus. But with the help of friends and other people charges were dropped and he got an honorable discharge. http://bit.ly/1hNZsa4 -
sweatt v painter
Sweatt wanted to go to the University of Texas Law School. Sweatt's application wasn’t allowed and got rejected because he was black.
The Equal Protection Clause required that Sweatt be admitted to the university. The court made Texas Law School accept the blacks so they made a separate school for them called “law school for negroes”, but the court realized that is was still really unfair. http://bit.ly/2nqJY3w -
Brown v Board of Education
This case was the consolidation of four cases arising in separate states relating to the segregation of public schools on the basis of race. Basically African Americans were being denied going to certain public schools because of their race. https://www.oyez.org/cases/1940-1955/347us483 -
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Montgomery bus boycott
The Montgomery bus boycott was when African Americans refused to ride city buses to protest against segregated seating. It's known as the first large-scale demonstration against segregation. Before this occurred Rosa park denied a white man his seat, and stayed seated in her seat.
The Supreme Court told Montgomery to update their bus systems. This was the time when Martin Luther King Jr. Became one of the national leaders of the American civil rights movement. (History.com) -
The southern manifesto of 1956
Howard smith introduced the southern manifesto in a speech. It was signed by 82 representatives and 19 senators. The manifesto went against Brown v. The board of education of Topeka. The manifesto said that the Brown v. The Board went again states' rights.
No member went against Howard smith.
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Southern Christian leadership conference
The southern Christian leadership conference was formed in 1957 after the Montgomery bus boycott. It's purpose was to help or advance the civil rights in America in a non violent way. It's president was Martin Luther King. The church was a big part of the African Americans LIFES. The SCLC brought together a lot of people. The southern Christian leadership got its name because it was to show the spiritual nature of the organization with the word Christian. (Kingencyclopedia.com) -
Little rock central high school
Nine black students enrolled at little rock high school. This went against the supreme courts ruling that all schools must be segregation in public schools. The court demanded that all public schools in the country must be integrated. Governor Ovral Faubus didn't like this, and he called a national guard to block the black students from coming in. President Dwight D. Eisenhower then sent in federal troops to let the nine students into the school. (History.com) -
Greensboro sit in
Basically 4 African American boys in college sat down at the counter at woolworths to be served lunch. They got denied and they refused to leave until they got served. This helped start the led movement to put a stop to racial inequality. It was a non violent protest. The movement started to spread to college towns thought out the region. A lot of the protesters were arrested for trespassing, disorderly conduct or disturbing peace. Around 300 students had joined the protest. (History.com) -
SNCC
The student non violent coordinating committee started to give younger blacks more of a voice in the civil rights movement. Ella baker helped set up the first meeting. She said she thought that SCLC didn't reach out to the younger blacks enough. This group played a large part In the freedom rides which was aimed at desegregating buses. Later stokely Carmichael was elected to be the head of SNCC and started the term black power. He made his own goals and tactics. (History.com) -
Freedom rides
A group of 13 African American and white civil rights activists launched the freedom rides.Which was bus trips to protest segregation. They were recruited by the congress of racial equality.The freedom rides tried to use the white only restrooms and lunch counters or just use the blacks only.They faced a lot of violence from whites.Hundreds of other freedom riders started engaging.Later the interstate commerce commission stopped the segregation in bus and trains across the nation. (History.com) -
Letter from Birmingham jail
The letter from Birmingham jail addressed several clergymen who wrote a letter critiquing Dr. King and SCLC. Dr. King tells them he's upset about the things they said. One thing they said is that Dr. King is an outsider to which he defends his rights. He told them he is trying to battle injustice. He also explains his process of organizing his nonviolent actions. Basically the letter is just Martin Luther King Jr. Addressing the clergymens concerns and Criticism. (Gradesaver.com) -
Medgar Evers
Medgar Evers was a civil rights activist who organized voter-registration efforts, demonstrations and boycotts of companies that practiced discrimination. One of his quotes was "you can kill a man, but you can't kill an idea". He became the first state field secretary of the NAACP in Mississippi. He also investigated crimes against blacks. Evers was later assassinated outside of his home. He was also earlier involved in the Regional council of negro leadership. (biography.com) -
March on Washington
More than 200,000 people marched on Washington for jobs and freedom. It was organized by a bunch of civil rights and religious groups. The goal was to bring awareness to the political and social challenges the African Americans face everyday. The March was important.They said speeches and sang songs and prayers at the March. This was also when Martin Luther King did his famous I have a dream speech. The march held hope and faith that the people could work together to get equality. (History.com) -
Bombing of Birmingham church
A bomb exploded before Sunday morning services at the 16tj street baptist church in Birmingham, which held a lot of black congregation and was a place for civil rights leaders. 4 girls were killed and more were injured. The city of Birmingham was one of Americas most racist and segregated cities. Over 200 church members when in the church the time of the bombing. More than 20 people were injured. This bombing was the third bombing that occurred in only 11 days. (History.com) -
24th amendment
This amendment ended poll taxes that prevented a lot of African Americans. They prevented African Americans from having any sort of political powers. The 24th amendment is the right of citizens of the U.S. To vote in any primary or other elections no matter if the citizens failed to pay any poll tax or other tax. The amendment was important because African Americans were being discriminated against and could not vote for certain officials that would end discrimination. (Kids.laws.com) -
Mississippi freedom summer
The Mississippi summer project was a voter registration drive.It's go was to increase voter registration.This project faced a lot of abuse and harassment from whites.The kkk & police and other authorities used violent attacks including arson, beatings, false arrest & murder.The project was part of the CORE & the SNCC to expand black voting.The project established fifty freedom schools.The events of freedom summer affected those who still believed in integration & nonviolence acts. (History.com) -
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Selma to Montgomery March
Martin Luther King Jr. Made Selma one of its main focuses to register black voters. The March from Selma to the state capital of Montgomery had villencr resistance by state and local authorities. The protesters eventually reached their destiny in 3 days of walking. This March helped raise a lot of awareness for black voters having difficult situations. The voting rights act passed soon after the March in a year. This act guaranteed voting rights to African Americans. (History.com) -
James Meredith
James joined the military after high school and attended an all black college before becoming the first black student at the universe of Mississippi. He later went into politics. He faced racism on a bus he was on when he was asked to move to the black section after this he stated that he was going to dedicate his life to get treated equally. He was accepted in the university of Mississippi but was later on denied because of his race. Meredith filed a law suit for discrimination. (Biography.com)
