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Brown v. The Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (Brown v. Board)
Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. It was decided on May 17, 1954 on a 9-0 vote for the Plessy vs, Ferguson to be overturned. This event paved a way for integration and was a major victory for African-Americans -
SIt-ins
The Sit-in was a form of protest by occupying a space until the demonstrator's goal was met. The earliest sit-ins occurred in the early 1940s by the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR) and the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). In 1955, a group of students protested a Sit-in a drugstore in Baltimore for discriminating against African-Americans. The protest lasted for an hour and half and later the protesters left where it was successful two days later as the business finally served everyone. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery Bus Boycott, started in December 5, 1955, was a civil-rights protest during which African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama. The purpose was to protest segregated seating and is regarded as the first large-scale U.S. demonstration against segregation. Rosa Parks, an African-American woman, was arrested and fined for refusing to yield her bus seat to a white man. This event led the Supreme Court to integrate its bus system. -
Little Rock Nine
A group of nine African American students enrolled into a racially segregated school in 1957. The Supreme Court ruled it unconstitutional for segregated schools and the "Little Rock Nine" were the first African-Americans to attend the racially segregated Little Rock Central High School. -
Little Rock Nine
A group of nine African American students attended a racially segregated school in September 1957. The Supreme Court ruled it unconstitutional for schools to be segregated. The "Little Rock Nine" were the first African-Americans to attend Little Rock Central High School. -
Freedom Riders
White and African American civil rights activists participated in Freedom Rides throughout the American South in 1961 to protest segregated bus terminals. The groups were sometimes met with violence and were even arrested along their route. Finally, In the fall of 1961, under pressure from the Kennedy administration, the Interstate Commerce Commission issued regulations prohibiting segregation in interstate transit terminals. -
Birmingham Demonstrations
The Birmingham movement, was a movement organized in early 1963 by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). The purpose of the event was to ) to bring attention to the integration efforts of African Americans in Birmingham, Alabama. Thousands were arrested during the marches where police used attack dogs, water hoses on the protesters. The President finally addressed the problem and helped push for Civil rights which helped the movement even more. -
March on Washington
The March on Washington was a march to advocate for the civil and economic rights of African Americans. At this march, Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his famous "I have a Dream" speech. Around 200-300 thousand participants attended, and 75%-80% of marchers were African-American. This march has been credited for helping to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1965.
