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Congress of Racial Equality Founded (CORE)
-Civil Rights: protect individual's freedoms from the government
-A group of students founded
-Counseled migrants, and black social workers.
-First action was a sit-in at a segregated coffee shop -
Dodgers Hire Jackie Robinson
-Color Line: A standard that separated whites from other races.
-Jackie Robinson and the Brooklyn Dodgers.
Jackie was the first major league baseball player. -
Executive Order 9981
-signed by president Truman on July 26, 1948
-made desegregation an official policy in the armed forces.
-segregation-The enforced separation of different racial groups in a country, community, or establishment. -
Brown v. Board of Education Ruling
-Thurgood Marshal, argued for Brown in the case. NAACP's lawyer.
-Linda Brown wanted to go to a white school close to het home, case was argued in front of the Warren Court.
-Result: Public Schools became de-segregated. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott (start)
-Boycott: Not giving a business any of your business for a particular reason.
-Rosa Parks: A black women who did not give up her seat on the bus for a white man.
Black people would not ride the bus after Rosa Parks had been arrested for sitting on the bus. They would walk or catch a cap on their way to work. -
Integration of Central High Schools
-Little Rock Nine: Nine black students in Little Rock Arkansas to attend a white high school.
The governor of Little Rock would not support desegregation so he ordered troops to stand outside the school and not let the black kids enter. -
First Lunch Counter Sit-in
-Jim Crows Law: Laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.
Sit-ins: A group of people that occupy a certain place as a form of protest.
-Four black students, later more and more people joined the sit-ins: it became a nationwide civil rights movement.
-Finally the restaurant, Woodsworths, had served the students, Then at Nashville. -
Freedom Rides
-Civil Disobedience: Breaking laws that are unjust.
-SNCC: A group of college kids who did lunch counter sit-ins. 7 black kids and 2 white kids were riding a bus across the state and were attacked by a white mob. The mob had continued to terrorized them to the point to where they threw a firebomb into the bus and as the kids were running out of the bus they were beaten. -
Birmingham Campaign
-SCLC: African American Civil Rights Organization
-Martin Luther King was the leader
-In the end of all the campaigns the city gave in and made a deal to desegregate all the public facilities after 90 days. -
March on Washington
-NACCP: An organization that ensures colored people equal opportunities.
More than 250,000 people march to Washington to protest unfair treatment to African Americans on the war industries. -
Advocates for Black Nationalism
-Nation of Islam: Black Muslims
-Malcom X: A black leader who believed in complete separation from the white society.
Malcom X started spreading the teachings of Muhammad and tried to completely separate blacks from whites. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
-Plessy v. Ferguson: Landmark for constitutional law for the supreme court that upheld racial differences.
-Lyndon B. Johnson
-an act was passed that made it so there could be no more discrimination with races, sex, religion, and national origin. -
Watts Riot
-Kerner commission: LBJ established the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders to examine what had caused the riots.
-Ghettos: A part of a city where people belonging to a single ethnic group live.
Blacks were violently rioting against their poverty of not being able to get out of the ghettos and were finally stopped by the U.S. military. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
-Disenfranchise: To take away someone's right to vote.
It outlawed tactics that made it hard or so that African Americans could not vote. Also federal government made it so that eligible voters were not turned away. -
Black Panther Party Founded
-Black Power: A political slogan focused on obtaining self-determination for people of African decent.
-A group of people who were strongly influenced by Malcolm X and start the Black Panther Party that claims it would never back down. -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
-Discrimination: An unjust or prejudicial treatment of people that are different due to color, age, or sex.
Banned discrimination in housing sales and rentals, it also allowed federal government to file lawsuits against violators. -
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg Board of Education
-Desegregation: The ending of a policy of racial segregation.
Schools in North Carolina's Charlotte-Mecklenberg school district were becoming desegregated and more racially balanced. -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
-Affirmative action: An action or policy that tends to favor those who have suffered from discrimination.
A court ruling in which the court was divided in half and then Bakke was finally admitted into the University of California.
