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Separate but Not Equal
In 1986 Plessy V. Ferguson case was one of the earliest events in history for the fight for Civil Rights for African Americans. Homer Plessy was put on trial after he refused to move to the black section of the bus when he told the conductor he was one-eighth black. The ruling of the case would be segregation was constitutional as long as facilities were equal. But most facilities were rarely equal for African Americans. -
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
In 1942, James Farmer and several others founded the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). The goal of (CORE) was to end discriminatory policies and bring races together. The members were moved by other non-violent protestors and so they adapted their non-violent protesting. -
Jackie Robinson
In 1947, a highly visible break in segregation took place when Jackie Robinson became the first African American baseball player. Robinson would face many death threats and rough treatment but he bravely fought through all the hate. Throughout his career, he would win the heart of many fans and would lead the way for other African Americans to play baseball. -
Sweatt V. Painter
The Sweatt V. Painter was the violation of letting an African American go to the University of Texas because of his race. The Supreme Court ruled that the state of Texas violated the Fourteenth Amendment by making a separate but not equal all black-law school. -
Brown V. Board of Education
In 1954, Brown V. Board of Education challenged the separate but equal principle. The Supreme Court agreed with the NAACP that segregated public education violated the U.S. Constitution. The ruling made separate but equal unconstitutional and against the law. -
Rosa Parks
In 1955, Rosa Parks an African-American woman was told to give her seat to a white lady and she denied it. Rosa Parks was later arrested for her actions. Park's action set in motion a chain of events that transformed the civil rights movement. -
Martin Luther Jr
Martin Luther King Jr was the leader of several organizations against segregation. He called for groups to act in a non-violent matter to win the fight against segregation. He also asked for people to not become resentful but instead love the people who are racist against them. -
Desegregation of Central High in Little Rock, Arkansas
The Little Rock school board established a plan to desegregate their schools. Nine young African Americans volunteered to enroll. They were escorted by the Arkansas National Guard. There would be white mobs yelling and threatening the students throughout the year. President Eisenhower didn't speak on the Civil Rights matter until Governor Faubus resisted the orders of the Federal Court. -
Boynton V. Virginia
The next battle for African Americans was interstate transportation. The Boynton V. Virginia had the Supreme Court ruled that segregation on interstate buses and in waiting rooms was illegal. Although this was a major stepping stone inequality for transportation Civil rights activists were now going to test the federal government to see if they would enforce the law. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
After the assassination of President Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson took over and passed the Civil Rights Act. The act banned segregation in public accommodations and gave the federal government the ability to compel state and local school boards to desegregate their schools. The act also allowed the Justice Department to prosecute any person who violates another person's civil rights and outlawed any type of discrimination. -
After Jackie Robinson
Jackie Robinson helped create an opening for African Americans to play in the MLB. After his joining of the MLB, the future of African Americans would increase significantly. In 1981, the MLB had the highest percentage of African American players by 18.7%. -
Equal Justice Initiative
In 1989, The Equal Justice Initiative focused on ending racial inequality and mass incarceration. As a private organization, it helps formerly incarcerated people reintegrate into society and gives legal representation to those who were given unfair sentences, abused in prisons, or wrongly convicted. -
Black Alliance for Just Immigration.
Black Alliance for Just Immigration is a racial and migrant rights organization that engages in organizing, education, advocacy, and cross-cultural alliance building in order to end the racism, criminalization, and economic deprivation of Black immigrants, refugees, and African American communities. -
Black Girls Code
Black Girls CODE is a non-profit organization that focuses on providing technology education for African-American girls. The organization offers programs in computer programs, such as coding, as well as website, robot, and mobile application-building, with the goal of providing African-American youth with the skills to occupy some of the 1.4 million computing job openings expected to be available in the U.S. in 2020.[4] -
Black Youth Project 100
The Black Youth Project 100 is an African American youth organization in the United States. Its activities include community organizing, voter mobilization, and other social justice campaigns focused on black, feminist, and queer issues. -
The Pretty Brown Girl (PBG)
Established in 2014, The Pretty Brown Girl (PBG) Foundation is a non-profit organization that represents girls everywhere. They are committed to preparing Black and Brown girls for career pathways through educational, economic, and empowerment opportunities while instilling responsibility to social change. -
My Brother´s Keeper
In 2014 President Barack Obama launched the My Brother´s Keeper. My Brother’s Keeper works to “…address persistent opportunity gaps facing boys and young men of color to ensure all youth can reach their full potential.” The program also works with cities and other foundations that introduce youth to mentoring and networking opportunities. -
Know Your Rights Camp
The Know Your Rights Camp was created in 2016 by Colin Kaepernick and was made for young African Americans. Their mission is to advance the liberation and well-being of Black and Brown communities through education, self-empowerment, mass mobilization, and the creation of new systems that elevate the next generation of change leaders -
After Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr. was one of the main leaders in the Civil Rights movement and he helped promote non-violent protests. The non-violent protests MLK Jr did in the 50s and 60s had been shown in today's world and helped with today's protests for the BLM movement. After the death of MLK Jr in 1986 he was given his own holiday. -
Say Her Name Campaign
The Say Her Name campaign was the honoring of Breonna Taylor, an African American woman shot by a police officer unjustly. The WNBA dedicated their 2020 season to a "long history of inequality, implicit bias and racism that disproportionately impacts communities of color" by partnering with the #SayHerName campaign. The first weekend of their season, the players wore jerseys honoring Breonna Taylor and the #SayHerName movement.