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Congress Of Racial Equality Founded
Civil rights: A set of rights that protect an individual's freedom due to their race or religion.
* CORE is an African-American civil rights organization that was founded in 1942.
* They were one of the big four civil rights organizations. -
Dodger's hire Jackie Robinson
Color Line: A barrier that separates white people from nonwhite people.
* Jackie Robinson and the Dodgers break the color line.
* Robinson took the field in 1947. -
Executive Order 9981
Segregation: The separating of people by their race or beliefs.
*President Truman signs the Executive order
* This order declares the end of segregating in the military. -
Brown v. Board Of Education
Thurgood Marshall: The first African-American court justice.
* Brown v. Board Of Education was the legal battle of ending segregation in schools.
*The date the supreme court decided to ban segregation in schools was May 17th 1954. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Boycott: Refusing to use a certain service, due to a type of strike.
Rosa Parks: An African American woman who refused to move when she had to give up her spot on the bus for a white person.
* African American people began refusing taking busses.
* This led to integrated bussing. -
Integration Of Central High School
Little Rock Nine: A group of black students who went to Central High School and were harassed by fellow students, but kept going anyway.
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* The Little Rock Nine had to be led by police. -
First Lunch Counter Sit-In
Jim Crow Laws: state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.
Sit-Ins: A form of peaceful protest, refusing to leave until served.
* Franklin McCain, Ezell Blair Jr., and Joseph McNeil were the men protesting
* The men in the protest were harassed by fellow customers. -
Freedom Rides
Civil Disobedience: Disobeying the law, but in a civil way.
SNCC: Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
* The Freedom Riders were a group of civil rights leaders.
* Freedom Rides resulted in a bus being set on fire by the southern white people. -
Birmingham Campaign
SCLC: Southern Christian Leadership Conference
* A movement organized to bring attention to the integration efforts of African Americans.
* One of the leaders of the campaign was Martin Luther King Jr. -
March On Washington
NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
* The march was held in Washington D.C.
* It was a march for jobs and freedom, led by MLK -
Civil Rights Act Of 1964
Plessy v. Ferguson: A court case over the state racial discrimination laws.
* A law outlawing discrimination on race, color, religion, sex, or origin.
* Former president LBJ signed this act. -
Voting Rights Act Of 1965
Disenfranchise: the state of being deprived of a right or privilege, especially the right to vote.
* Signed into law by LBJ
* This outlaw discrimination against African Americans voting -
Watts Riots
Kerner Commission: an 11-member commission established by President Lyndon B. Johnson in Executive Order 11365 to investigate the causes of the 1967 race riots in the United States
Ghettoes: a part of a city, especially a slum area, occupied by a minority group or groups.
* The riots were caused by an act of police brutality
* They blamed them on racism from police. -
Black Panther Party Founded
Black power: a political slogan and a name for various associated ideologies aimed at achieving self-determination for people of African descent.
* They practiced militant self-defense of minority communities against the U.S. government
*They also fought to establish revolutionary socialism. -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
Discrimination: the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex.
*defines housing discrimination as the “refusal to sell or rent a dwelling to any person because of his race, color, religion, or national origin"
*commonly referred to as the Fair Housing Act of 1968. -
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg
Desegregation: The opposite of segregation; making all places integrated.
* White parents didn't want their children to be in the same school as black children.
* Let to schools being integrated. -
Regents Of The University Of California v. Bakke
Affirmative action: an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, especially in relation to employment or education
* Court ruled unconstitutional a university's use of racial "quotas" in its admissions process
*The Supreme Court ruled that a state may constitutionally consider race as a factor in its university admissions to promote educational diversity -
Advocates For Black Nationalism
Nation of Islam: an African American political and religious movement.
Malcom X: an African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist.
* Malcom X practices violent protest
