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Plessy Vs. Ferguson
A man named Homer Plessy ,who was seven eighths Caucasian, had bought a first class ticket to board a rail car and when he got on, sat in the "whites only" section. Plessy was arrested, and his case was taken to court and he lost both times, but the supreme court ruled it to be justified under the constitution under the separate but equal doctrine. (landmarkcases.org/en/landmark/cases/plessy_v_ferguson) -
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Sweatt v Painter
Stemming from Plessy v Ferguson ruling of 'Separate but Equal" facility doctrine, this case involved a young man named Herman Sweatt who wished to apply to the University of Texas Law School in 1946, and he was rejected solely based on his race (he was African American). Sweatt takes this to supreme court and gets the " separate but equal" doctrine over ruled. (http://bit.ly/2oi3pvh) -
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
The CORE group was founded in 1942 in Chicago. The point of the group was to protest segregation by using peaceful acts influenced by Mahatmas Gandhi. (such as sit ins) (www.core-online.org/History/history.htm) -
Jackie Robinson signs into MLB
The first African American man to sign into MLB with the Brooklyn Dodgers is none other then Jackie Robinson. This move completely shatters the color barrier of the MLB and other Major League sports as well! (http://bit.ly/J8gjWK) -
Medger Evers
This civil right activist leader was known for his service in WW2, and for his work for the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) as their field secretary in Mississippi. He is also known for his attempt to get desegregate The University of Mississippi Law School. (www.history.com/topics/black-history/medgar-evers) -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Stemming from the incident involving Rosa Parks, this protest was against segregated seating for transportation such as buses or trains. (https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/montgomery-bus-boycott) -
The Southern Manifesto
(https://www.reference.com/history/southern-manifesto-69358b32cd15527d) This book/document written by congress stated that people should disobey the ruling of Brown v Board of education, only for the simple fact to change the court's mind on the ruling and make the separate but equal doctrine return to put segregation back into schools. -
Brown v Board of Education
(http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/brown-v-board-of-education-of-Topeka) This case had the advantage of the previous cases and had the amazing ruling of desegregating public schools all together. The separate but equal doctrine is completely overturned, and schools are becoming fully integrated. -
The SCLC
To redeem the "soul of America", The SCLC sought to seek protest through the nonviolent action of peaceful protesting, and under the beliefs of Martin Luther King Jr. This group had stemmed from the protests of the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
(http://kingencyclopedia.Stanford.edu/encyclopedia/encyclopedia/enc_southern_christian_leadership_conference_sclc/) -
Little Rock Central High School
This school is where the LIttle Rock Nine attended. This school had 9 African American students enroll, and the school didnt allow to the point the governor called in the state national guard to bar the students from entering in the school on the first day of class. President Dwight D. Eisenhower heard of this and had sent troops down to personally walk those nine students into the school just a few days later. -
Greensboro Sit-In
Four African-American college students who arranged a Sit-In at a restaurant for lunch and politely asked for service. They're requests were denied and they still remained peacefully in their seats when asked to leave. (http://americanhistory.si.edu/brown/history/6-legacy/freedom-struggle-2.html) -
The SNCC
Founded by youth of the black minority, these kids arranged sit-ins in Greensboro, and somewhat served as a more youthful SCLC. The group was still considered fiercely independent and known to generate their own projects and strategies.
(kingencyclopedia.STanford.edu/encyclopedia/encyclopedia/enc_student_nonviolent_coordinating_cmittee_sncc/) -
Freedom Rides
These rides included black minority boarding and riding buses for the deep south, to test and protest the ruling of transportation segregation due to a ruling in a case called Boynton v. Virginia. Riders risked lives and freedom, and most times were severely beaten as a result of their protest. (www.core-online.org/History/freedomrides.htm) -
James Meredith
This man was the first Black man at the time to apply and be accepted into Ole Miss (a college). He was a airman in war, and first started to attend Jackson State College, then transferred to The University of Mississippi Law (Ole Miss).
(www.biography.com/people/james-meredith-9406314) -
Letter From Birmingham Jail
When MLK Jr. went to jail for peaceful protest, he wrote a letter inside Birmingham Jail that established a stand for his moral ground and his right to exercise peaceful protest. (https://www.reference.com/history/main-points-dr-martin-luther-king-jr-s-letter-birmingham-jail-2733661668675b4) -
March On Washington
In Washington, D.C., a political rally/march takes place called the March On Washington for jobs and freedom, and was designed to shed light on the unfair treatment of the black minority politically and socially. (ww.history.com/topics/black-history/march-on-washington) -
Birmingham church Bombing
This church in Birmingham was a place for civil right leaders to meet and was intentionally bombed by a white man due to his hate for the integration of public schooling and such. The explosion killed 4 people. (www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/m_r/andall/-birmingham.htm) -
Civil Rigths act passes
The pass of this act outlawed discrimination against race, color, sex, religion, or national origin. It also required equal access into schools, and stores, and such, and as well as transportation.
(https://www.nps.gov/subjects/civilrights/1964-civilrights-act.htm) -
Mississippi Freedom Summer
This peaceful attempt to desegregate the MIssissippi poltical system was planned, but started late due to SNCC and CORE recruiting several northern college students. (www.Wisconsinhistory.org/content.aspx?dsNav=N;4294963828-4294963058&dsrecord-details=R;C3707) -
Malcolm X Assassination
Malcolm X, a muslim civil rights activist and leader dealt with firebombings at his own house over the fire of his rallies and belief all around the US. He based teachings off Ghandi. He was shot to death by the Nation of Islam members while speaking at a rally in NYC.
(www.history.com/this-day-in-history/malcolm-x-assasinated) -
Selma to Montgomery March
MLK Jr. Led thousands of peaceful protesters to the steps of the capitol of Montgomery, Alabama. The March went on for 5 days (54 miles) from Selma, Alabama (where SNCC and SCLC is located.)
(kingencyclopedia.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/encyclopedia/enc_selma_) -
Voting rights act passes
President Lyndon Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act to outlaw discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states after the civil war, including literary tests as a prerequisite to voting.
(https://ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=100) -
Black Panther Group Movement
Formed in California, the black panthers played a important role in the civil rights movement. They believe MLK jr's. Non violence system was failing, so they brought the force of anger from years of discrimination and took charge to justified violence.
(www.learningsite.co.uk/the-civil-rights-movement-in-america-1945-to-1968/the-black-panthers/ -
MLK jr Assassination
MLK jr, a man of god and civil rights leadership is shot and killed during his I have a Dream speech in Washington DC, after the march on washington event he arranged.
(Wikipedia.com) -
Twenty Fourth Amendment
(Rev. 1992) states that "the right of the citizens of the US to vote in any primary or other elections for President or Vice President for electors or for Senator or memeber of congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the US or any state by reason of failure to pay any tax for poll or other tax" and states that "congress shall have power o enforce this article by appropriate legislation".
Meaning non more poll tax for elections/voting
(https://www.lawcornell.edu/constitution/amendmentxxiv)
