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Plessey vs. Fergusen
A court case that ended in which segregation was allowed as long as there are separate but equal facilities. This did nothing but enforce more racism . -
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
Founded to ensure the safety, education, and overall rights of colored people in the 1900s. -
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr, Gandhi, Thoreau, and Randolph
All of these figures progressed the civil rights movement as a whole through the idea of "peace, not war" as well as nonviolent protest. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
A turning point, ending segregation in schools and ruling it as unconstitutional. This also affected the Jim Crow Laws as well. -
Thurgood Marshall
First African American associate justice of the Supreme Court and equality promoter, Thurgood's most popular case challenged racial segregation in school and the eradication of it, which he won. (Brown v. Board of Education) -
Emmett Till's Death
The death of an overall innocent young black boy visiting the South. The cause of death was race-based homicide by two white men. -
Rosa Parks Refuses to Give Up Her Seat
An African American woman who refused to give up her seat to a white person on a segregated bus. This event as well as her arrest exhibited peaceful protest. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
A boycott by African Americans +allies to end bus segregation on Montgomery, Alabama. It lasted over a year, African Americans refusing to ride buses and instead walk.Segregation ended after the buses stopped getting enough money to run, making them need more riders again. -
Race Riots
Race-based riots of minority groups or their allies throughout the civil rights movement. -
Little Rock Integration
A group of African American students (known as the "Little Rock Nine") that enrolled in an all-white school in 1957. They needed constant support from military to ensure their safety all school year. -
Sit-Ins
Beginning in North Carolina, a form of protest where an African American would refuse to leave a restaurant and store even after being denied service. -
Freedom Rides
African American and white protesters would ride buses through southern states together, promoting the abolition of segregation on buses. -
24th Amendment
The significance of this amendment is that it ended the mandatory poll tax on voting, meaning more African Americans could vote. -
March on Birmingham, Alabama
The march was a peaceful protest towards segregation. The protesters, met with violence and even fire hoses, got their way in May of 1963 after the authorities began to remove "white only/black only" drinking fountain and restroom signs. -
March on Washington
The march happened in front of the Lincoln Memorial, where protesters peacefully asked for freedom and jobs for African Americans. -
De Jure vs. De Facto Segregation
De facto segregation was segregation by facts (such as more African Americans in one area means more in certain schools, by fact)
De jure meant segregation by law, such as the Jim Crow Laws, that was challenged by the Civil Rights Movement. -
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
This act ended segregation of race, sex or religion in any public area as well as employment segregation. -
Malcolm X's Assassination
Malcolm X was a popular civil rights activist. He was murdered by a few gunshots by his previous religious group. The difference between Malcolm X and other activists was he promoted doing "whatever necessary" instead of peaceful, nonviolent protest. -
March From Selma to Montgomery for Voting Rights
A march by African Americans of Selma, Alabama to gain voting rights by walking to the capital. On the way, they were met with brutality from local authorities and vigilante groups. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Outlawed discriminatory voting practices such as the literary test, making it easier for African Americans to vote. -
Black Panther Party
An organization meant to protect and defend African Americans in their neighborhoods against violence like police brutality.
