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1865-13th Amendment
on April 1864 was proposed, and passed by two thirds on the senate, but was rejected by the house or representatives. After hard strides finally the 13th amendment was passed in 1865 to abolish slavery. -
1868 - 14th Amendment
The 14th Amendment was made to "protect equal rights", and grants citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the untied states in 1868. -
1870- 15th Amendment
The 15 Amendment was created so that Black men could vote. Despite this Amendment by the late 1870's people were using discriminatory practices to prevent this law. -
Plessey V. Ferguson -1896
Plessey V. Ferguson in 1896 was made to stop racial segregation, and to make everything " separate but equal" -
Truman desegregates the military -1948
It abolished racial discrimination in the United States Armed Forces and eventually led to the end of segregation in the services. -
Brown V. Board of Ed. - 1954
This case was to establish that "blacks" could go to public schools. This overturned the Plessey V. Ferguson decision of 1896 -
Rosa Parks / Montgomery Bus Boycott
Sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks on 1 December 1955, the Montgomery bus boycott was a 13-month mass protest that ended with the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses is unconstitutional. -
Little Rock crisis
The Little Rock Nine were a group of nine black students who enrolled at formerly all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in September 1957. On September 4, 1957, the first day of classes at Central High, Governor Orval Faubus called in the Arkansas National Guard to block the black students’ entry into the high school. Later that month, President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent in federal troops to escort the Little Rock Nine into the school. -
Sit- In Movement
On February 1, 1960 Four African American college students walked up to a whites-only lunch counter at the local WOOLWORTH'S store in Greensboro, North Carolina, and asked for coffee. When service was refused, the students sat patiently. Despite threats and intimidation, the students sat quietly and waited to be served.. Thus the civil rights sit in was born. -
Freedom riders
Freedom Riders were groups of white and African American civil rights activists who participated in Freedom Rides, bus trips through the American South in 1961 to protest segregated bus terminals. -
James Meredith and Ole Miss
In 1961, Meredith—with the help of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)—filed a lawsuit against Ole Miss, alleging racial discrimination. -
Letter from Birmingham Jail Letter from Birmingham Jail
The Letter from Birmingham Jail, also known as the Letter from Birmingham City Jail and The Negro Is Your Brother, is an open letter written on April 16, 1963, by Martin Luther King Jr. The letter defends the strategy of nonviolent resistance to racism. It says that people have a moral responsibility to break unjust laws and to take direct action rather than waiting potentially forever for justice to come through the courts. -
March on Washington / "I Have a Dream" Speech
The March on Washington was a massive protest march that occurred in August 1963, when some 250,000 people gathered in front of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. Also known as the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, the event aimed to draw attention to continuing challenges and inequalities faced by African Americans a century after emancipation. It was also the occasion of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s now-iconic “I Have A Dream” speech. -
Freedom Summer
Freedom Summer, also known as the the Mississippi Summer Project, was a 1964 voter registration drive sponsored by civil rights .Freedom Summer workers included black Mississippians and more than 1,000 out-of-state, predominately white volunteers. The Ku Klux Klan, police and state and local authorities carried out a series of violent attacks against the activists, including arson, beatings, false arrest and the murder of at least three people. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964, which ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin, is considered one of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement. In subsequent years, Congress expanded the act and passed additional civil rights legislation such as the Voting Rights Act of 1965. -
Voting Rights Act
The Voting Rights Act of 1965, signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote as guaranteed under the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The Voting Rights Act is considered one of the most far-reaching pieces of civil rights legislation in U.S. history. -
Selma March
The Selma to Montgomery march was part of a series of civil-rights protests that occurred in 1965 in Alabama, a Southern state with deeply entrenched racist policies. In March of that year, in an effort to register black voters in the South, protesters marching the 54-mile route from Selma to the state capital of Montgomery were confronted with deadly violence from local authorities and white vigilante groups.
