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Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) founded
-Civil Rights: Rights that protect a persons freedom
-The were committed to nonviolent protests
-The first action was a silent protest in a coffee shop -
Jackie Robinson Plays for the Brooklyn Dodgers
-Color Line: A barrier to keep whites separated from nonwhites
-Jackie Robinson was the first African American to play in the white league for baseball
-In the 1950s the color line in sports was very slowly disappearing -
Executive Order 9981
-Segregation: separating one group from another
-It ended segregation in the military
-It became an official rule -
Advocates for Black Nationalism
-Nation of Islam Malcom X: a religious group known as the Black Muslims.
-Malcom was taught that Blacks were very strong but were tricked out of their power
-He became the Nation of Islam's preacher -
Brown vs Board of Education
-Thurgood Marshall: He gave one of the best pieces of evidence which was "The Doll Test" to African American children
-The case was a combination of multiple cases and was sent all the way to the Supreme Court
-Earl Warren won the case for Brown -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
-Boycott: An organized protest
-Rosa Parks: Woman who didn't give her seat to a black man
-For the whole month blacks walked to work instead of taking the bus and the companies started losing money -
Integration of Central High School
-Little Rock Nine: A group of nine students that went to an all white school
-An angry crowd surrounded the school so they wouldn't be allowed to enter
-A woman protected one of the students from the mob -
First Lunch Counter Sit Ins
-Jim Crow Laws and Sit in: Sit ins were a silent protest against the Jim Crow laws which separated blacks from whites
-They weren't served at all because of their race
-On July 25th, 1960 the first African American was served at a whites only restaurant -
Freedom Rides
-Civil disobedience: Peaceful protest against something protester disagrees with
-CORE was involved with organizing these Freedom Rides
-CORE ended up abandoning the Freedom Rides, but SNCC continued them
-Some freedom riders were beat up for their cause -
March On Washington
-NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
-The protest was about unequal treatment to African Americans in the armed forces
-It was the largest political protest ever held -
Birmingham Campaign
-SCLC: African American civil rights program
-The first protests were sit-ins
-Many protesters were arrested for marching without a license -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
-Plessy vs Ferguson: held segregation laws under the doctrine "separate but equal"
-It banned discrimination against a race or sex
-It is the most important Civil Rights law -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
-Disenfranchise: Not allowing people to vote
-Congress passed the voting rights act of 1965
-African Americans got the right to vote because of this act -
Watts Riot
-Kerner Commission and Ghettos: A part of town belonging to one group
-Rioters burned houses and looted them
-14,000 members of the National Guard had to stop the riot -
Black Panther Party Founded
-Black Power: A movement that supports political movements for African Americans
-It demanded that economic and political rights were prepared to take violent action
-They provided many services for the Black Community -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
-Discrimination: Prejudicial treatment on a certain age, gender, or race
-Congress the Civil Rights Act of 1968
-African Americans got fair housing sales and rentals and it also allowed the federal government to file lawsuits against people who violated the law -
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg Board of Education
-Desegregation:
-It was a Supreme Court ruling that busing was an acceptable way to achieve school integration
-A judge commanded that they use busing as a way of school intergration -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
-Affirmative Action: An action or policy favoring those suffering from discrimination
-It was a court ruling that upheld affirmative action
-It said that race is a factor but not the sole criterion
