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13th Amendment
This amendment ablolished slavery in the United States. The 13 amendment was passed at the end of the civil war. President Lincoln was the driving force behind this, he issued the emancipation proclamation, which bascically said all persons including slaves count as people. -
14th Amenerdment
This says that a person born in the United Sates is a citizen and should not be treated any differently.Also says a states shall not deprive a citizen of life, liberty, and property, or deny any person within its juristriction. -
15th Amendment
The 15th amendment gave Black men the right to vote, but black men only. Reasoning for black man only is becuase women were still seen un equal to men.but the men had to take literacy test and pass to be able to vote,and these test were disgined to make the black men fail, because they were not very educated. -
Jim crow
Jim crow really isn't a person. This name actually comes from an African American song. There were laws that helped blacks and segregation -
Poll Taxes
There was a poll tax when it can to voting and this tax made it almost impossible for blacks and poor white to vote. This was more popular in the southern states because there were more blacks down there and whites didn't want blacks to vote. There were more poor blacks than poor whites, so the small amount of white wasn't a problem -
Literacy Tests
They were test that were disigned specifically to make black people fail so they were unable to vote. Many people didn't want blacks to vote so they created this test, knowing they would never pass because they did not have proper education, so they could not vote -
19th Amendment
This amendment granted the right for women to vote. This was a huge mile stone in history considering that women were seen unequal to men. This victory did not come easy, this resulted in many riot and testifying. But women can still vote -
Korematsu v. United States
Korematsu v. United States was a landmark United States Supreme Court case concerning the constitutionality of Executive Order , which ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II regardless of citizenship. in a 6-3 desision the court sided with the governent. The exclusion order was constitutional. There needs bto be protection for the american japanese. -
Sweatt V. Painter
Sweatt vs. Painter was a surpeme court case that challenged the "separate but equal" doctrine. This case was influential of the Brown vs. Board of Education four years later. The case involved a black man who refused admission of school of law. Theophilus Painter prohibited integrated education. The Surpreme Court said separate but equal failed to qualify. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education was a supreme court case in which the court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black ans white students. Black children were denied to public schools. White and black schools approached equality among builidngs and salaries and more. This case was decided with Briggs v. Elliot. -
Montgomery bus boycott
When African Americans refused to ride buses because of segregation on them.4 days before the boycott began an African American woman named rosa parks refused to give up her seat on the bus to a white man. After the way she was treated , African American began to boycott . -
24th amendment
This amendment ended the poll tax. Before this people often had to pay to vote and some people couldn't afford it and then couldn't . This was seen as unfair . -
Civil rights act of 1964
This act forbids discrimination against sex and race when it comes to hiring , promoting,and firing. The constitution says that all citizens should have equal protection under the law. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Prohibit racial discrimination against voting. This amendment is a continuation on the 15th amendment. Was signed into a law by Lyndon Johnson at the heigth of th civil rights movement. -
Affirmative Action
The Affirmative Action is the policy of favoring members of a disadvantaged group who are perceived to suffer from discrimination within a culture. Positive driscrimination policies vary throughout different regions. The Affirmative Action ensures that every one is btreatede equally without regards of race, religion, color, sex, and origin. The act established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. -
Robert Kennedy speech in Indianapolis upon death of MLK
Kennedy was actually planning in giving a speech to help him win the campaign but as he was getting ready for the speech and had heard the news about riots and that MLK was shot. Later he found out he had died. Instead of giving his campaign speech he gave a speech in an African American ghetto about peace and MLK. -
Reed v. Reed
Reed v. Reed was an equal protection case in vthe United States. The supreme court ruled that administrators of the estates cannot be named in a way that discriminates between sexes. Sally and Cecil Reed seaparated and they were in conflict over which of them to designate as administrator of the estate of the son that had passed. The decision was unanimous. The Equal Protection Clause prohibited treatment based on sex. -
Equal Rights Amendment
The ERA is the equality of the U.S. Constitution to both females and males. It was written my Alice Paul, and she was apart of the National Woman's Party. The ERA has been introduced to every congress. Feminists saw ratification of the amendment as the only way to eliminate gender based discrimination. -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Allan Bakke, a thirty-five-year-old white man, had applied for admission to the University of California Medical School at Davis two times. Both of those times he was rejected. The school reserved sixteen places in each class. Bakke exceeded all the expectations to get into the school, but he was still denied. Bakke attended to california Courts first, then the supreme court. He was excluded from the school only basd of fhis race. -
Plessy V Ferguson
Its known as the "separate but equal" doctrine for assessing racial segregation laws. This was the first inguiry in to the fourteenth amendmentS equal prtection clasue. The clasue denies equal protection of laws. There were separate but equal public facilites. -
Bowers v. Hardwick
Michael Hardwick was observed by a Georgia police officer while engaging in the act of consensual homosexual sodomy with another adult in the bedroom of his home. He was charged with violating a Gerorgia Statute that criminalized sodomy. He challed it in the Federal District Court. The court dismissed because Hardwick familed to submit a claim. Gerorgias Attorney appealed to the Supreme Court and they granted certiorari. -
AMericans with Disabilities Act
The ADA prohibited discrimination against peoplke with disabilities in employment, tranportation, oublic accomodation, communications, and government activities. The ADA esptablished requirements for the telecommunications relay services. The Office of Disability Emploment Policy provides assistance for the ADA. There are four agencies that enforce the ADA, and those are EEOC, FCC, Departent of Justice, and Department of Transportation. -
Lawrence v. Texas
In Lawrence v. Texas , the Supreme Court ruled that state laws banning homosexual sodomy are unconstitutional as a violation of the right to privacy. The case began with the arrest of John Geddes Lawrence by the Houston Police, dispatched to Lawrence's apartment complex in response to a reported weapons disturbance. He was engaging in sexual acts when the police department entered his house. They were taken by police overnight. Lawerenvce appealed. The Texas appeals court confirmed. -
Fisher v. Texas
Fisher v. Texas is a United States Supreme Court case concerning the affirmative action admissions policy of the University of Texas at Austin. The Supreme Court voided ruling in favor of the University and remanded the case. The University of Texas has various factors regarding race when it comes to undergraduates. Race is considered a plus factor. The admissions program automatically awarded points to applicants from certain racial minorities. -
Indiana's Gay Rights Court Battle
On March 13, 2014, Lambda Legal filed a federal lawsuit, Baskin v. Bogan, on behalf of three same-sex couples seeking the freedom to marry in Indiana. On March 31, the organization filed an amended complaint, seeking immediate respect for the marriage of a terminally ill woman and her wife. On March 14, 2014, four married same-sex couples filed a federal lawsuit, Lee v. Pence, seeking respect for their marriage in Indiana. They are working with Indiana Equality Action.
