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Plessy v. Ferguson
Supreme court case that ruled separation of the races was legal. "Separate but equal" -
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
An African-American civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909 by Moorfield Storey, Mary White Ovington and W. E. B. Du Bois. -
Race Riots
Many blacks in Detroit were forced 60 miles while businesses were burned. -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
A case where the Supreme Court ruled that "separate but equal" education for black and white students was unconstitutional. -
Thurgood Marshall
He was a U.S. Supreme Court justice and civil rights advocate. A legal counsel for the (NAACP), he guided the litigation that destroyed the legal underpinnings of Jim Crow segregation. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery Bus Boycott, in which African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama -
Rosa Parks
She refused to yield her seat to a white man on a Montgomery bus. She was arrested and fined. -
Little Rock School Integration
Nine black students enrolled at formerly all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, testing a landmark 1954 U.S. Supreme Court ruling that declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional. -
The Sit-Ins
A form of demonstration used by African Americans to protest discrimination, in which the protesters sit down in a segregated business and refused to leave until they are served. -
Freedom Rides
One of the civil rights activities who rode buses through the South in the early 1960's to challenge segregation. -
March on Birmingham, Alabama
MLK was arrested and police fired hoses at people. -
March on Washington
More than 200,000 Americans gathered for a political rally for Jobs and freedom -
24th Amendment
Prohibits any poll tax in elections for federal officials. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. -
De jure Vs. De Facto Segregation
De jure segregation is by law, eliminating it would require them to change people's attitudes. De facto segregation exists by practice and custom. -
Malcolm X
The activist and outspoken public voice of the Black Muslim faith, challenged the mainstream civil rights movement and the nonviolent pursuit of integration championed by Martin Luther King Jr.He urged followers to defend themselves against white aggression “by any means necessary.” -
March from Selma to Montgomery for voting rights
Protesters attempting to march from Selma to the state capital of Montgomery were met with violent resistance by state and local authorities, this greatly helped raise awareness of the difficulty faced by black voters in the South, and the need for a Voting Rights Act, passed later that year. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
A law that made it easier for African Americans to register to vote by eliminating discriminatory literacy tests and authorizing federal examiners to enroll voters denied at the local level. -
Black Panther Party
Huey Newton and Bobby Seale founded the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense. They practiced militant self-defense of minority communities against the U.S. government, and fought to establish revolutionary socialism through mass organizing and community based programs. -
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
Was a Baptist minister and social activist who played a key role in the American civil rights movement from the mid-1950s until his assassination in 1968. He was the driving force behind watershed events such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the March on Washington, which helped bring about such landmark legislation as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. -
Emmett Till
While visiting family in Mississippi, 14-year-old Emmett Till, an African American from Chicago, is brutally murdered for flirting with a white woman four days earlier.
