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Harry Byrd
He was a newspaper publisher and political leader of the Democratic Party. Byrd opposed racial desegregation of public schools. -
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President Dwight D. Eisenhower
He supported Civil Rights by allowing the black students during the Central High School conflict in Little Rock, Kansas to get to the all-white school safely. They were being escorted by military troops. -
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Earl Warren
He was an American jurist and a political. Warren played a key role in the decision to end segregation in schools. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
The state of Louisiana enacted a law that required separated railway cars for blacks and white. Homer Adolph Plessy, a 7/8 Caucasian and 1/8 black man, sat in the “whites only,” cart and refused to move to the car reserved for blacks. He claimed that his constitutional rights were violated. He was arrested in 1892. Conclusion: Segregation does not violate African Americans’ constitutional rights stated in the 13th and 14th amendments. The “separate but equal” doctrine is constitutional. -
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Olver Hill
was a civil rights attorney and worked to eliminate the doctrine of “separate but equal” -
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Thurgood Marshall
He was the leader of the NAACP at the time of Brown v. the Board of Education. He was the one to suggest that the nine black students sue the Topeka school board. He was nominated by President Johnson as the first African American Supreme Court Justice. -
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President Lyndon Johnson
Johnson took over after President Kennedy was assassinated in 1963. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, and gender. He signed the Voting Rights Act on August 6, 1965 with Rosa Parks by his side. -
NAACP
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People gave support to court cases that wanted to eliminate segregation. -
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President John F. Kennedy
President John F. Kennedy and his brother Robert Kennedy worked to fight civil rights. During the Kennedy Administration, Kennedy worked hard to pass the Civil Rights Bill. -
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Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr. was a major Civil Rights Movement leader that promoted nonviolent protests. He advised American Americans to practice civil disobedience in order for the government to listen to them. He was assassinated on April 4, 1968. -
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Rosa Parks
She was the woman that was arrested when she refused to give her seat us to a white man in 1955. Her actions and arrests led to the boycott of the public bus system. -
Brown v. the Board of Education
The Topeka board of education was sued after nine black American students were denied attendance at Central High School due to discrimination and racism. This Supreme Court case ruled segregation and discrimination in public schools unconditional and began the integration of blacks and whites in school. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks was a black woman who sat in the front of the public bus and when a white man entered, she was asked to give her seat up and move to the back of the bus. She refused to give up her seat and was arrested. Upon her arrest, African Americans boycotted riding the buses, massive resistance, from December 1, 1955 to November of 1956. -
SCLC
Southern Christian Leadership Conference was an organization whose goals were to fight in the Civil Rights movement and eliminate discrimination and segregation. -
"Little Rock Nine" and Central High School
Nine black students were denied entrance into an all-white school, Central High School, in Topeka and eventually led to the suing of the school board and eventually the end of segregation. -
Woolworth's Sit-In
Four blacks students were refused service and were segregated from the whites at the Woolworth’s sit-in. The refusal to serve blacks resulted in protests and caused African Americans to finally receive service six months after the incident. -
SNCC
African American students established the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee in April of 1960. Four blacks students were refused service and were segregated from the whites at the Woolworth’s sit-in. The refusal to serve blacks resulted in protests and caused African Americans to finally receive service six months after the incident. -
March on Washington
The march was a massive nonviolent protest to encourage the end of segregation. -
"I Have a Dream" Speech
This speech, by Martin Luther King Jr., encouraged the integration of whites and blacks and promoted peace among all races. -
Civil Rights Acts of 1964
This bill outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin. -
Civil Rights Acts of 1965
This bill prohibits racial discrimination in voting.
