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Plessy v Fergunson
This was a case between John H. Ferguson and Holmer Plessy. During this time Jim Crow laws were in place and segregation was heavy. Holmer Plessy, who was 7/8 white, seated himself on a white compartment. The conductor challegd him and arrested him for doing so. They went to court and talked about segregation and how it wasn't constitional. -
medger evers
Medgar Wiley Evers was an American civil rights activist from Mississippi who worked to stop segregation at the University of Mississippi. He was assassinated June 12, 1963
"You can kill a man but you can't kill an idea"- merger Evers -
James meredith
He was a civil rights activist who was the first African American to attend the university of Mississippi in 1962. After high school he joined the air force and then went to college before attending the university of Mississippi. -
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Congress of Race Equality (CORE)
The congress of racial Equality was a group founded by a group of interracial students. Some of these students include;James R. Robinson, James L. Farmer, Jr., Joe Guinn, George Houser, and Homer Jack. It was led by James Fisher and George Houser. These students organized sitins to protest against segregation in public areas. Most members were also apart of FOR. -
CORE expands nationally
They gained lots of publicity and new members. Lots of the white party. They showed how to protest without violence. -
Sweatt vs Painter
Heman Marion sweatt was born in houston Texas. He was a mailman at the time but wanted to become a lawyer, so he applied to the all-white University of Texas School of Law. He was rejected from entering because of his color. He took theophilis painter and other members of the university board to court. The court held the case for six months so that a equal school for all blacks could be built, but once it was sweaty still did not to join. Do to the new school the court dropped the case. -
Brown vs Board of Education
Oliver brown challenged the education system of topeka to end segregation in schools all across the us. Thanks to cases all over it wouldnt have been possible without individuals who were courageous enough to take a stand against the segregated system. -
Little Rock Central High School
Was historically known for being the first school to be desegregated. Nine African American students attended the school. -
Mongomery bus boycott
It all started after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white man on the bus. The boycott lasted for 381 days and ended on December 21, African Americans refused to use the Montgomery bus system and protested it. Dr martin luther king jr was the leader of this boycott ,Due to this it led to the desegregation of the Montgomery bus system. -
The Southern Manifesto
Also known as the "The Declaration of Constitutional Principles" .” The manifesto characterized the “unwarranted” Brown decision as a “clear abuse of judicial power.” it was a declaration to show that segregated schools did no harm and that people trying to desegregate were abusing the judicial power. -
southern christian leadership conference (sclc)
Dr martin Luther king Jr was the first president of the organization, the beginnings of the SCLC can be traced back to the Montgomery Bus Boycott. This group would hold meeting and decisions on how to fight segregation including the adoption of nonviolent mass action as the cornerstone of strategy, -
Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
This was an organization that gave under aged students a chance to participate in the growing civil rights movements. They did things such as boycott busses and refuse to give up their seats at counters ( Greensboro sit in) -
Greensboro sit in
Ezell Blair Jr., David Richmond, Franklin McCain and Joseph McNeil planned the Greensboro sit in carefully. They sat at Woolworth's and the policy is no service to blacks. They refused to give up their seats and the police were called. Due to provocation the police couldn't do anything. The 'greensboro four' returned the next day with more students that sat everywhere taking up space so that the business was paralyzed. Some 300 + students helped in this protest and it gained media attention. -
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freedom riders
This was a group of 13 black and white people who ventured into the deep south from Washington DC . African Americans would try to use whites only bathrooms and lunch counters and vise versa. Many saw their example and followed. In September the Interstate Commerce Commission issued regulations prohibiting segregation in bus and train stations nationwide -
Jackie Robinson
http://baseballhall.org/hof/robinson-jackieJackie Robinson was the first colored person to make it into Major League Baseball. He stood up for civil rights before baseball but definitely helped make a break through. He was named rookie of the year his first season and he opened doors for other African Americans. He played second base. -
letters from the Birmingham jail
Dr martin Luther king Jr was thrown in jail in Alabama while him and others were protesting the treatment of blacks in Birmingham, Alabama. . In jail he wrote letters to the people
"I think I should give the reason for my being in Birmingham, since you have been influenced by the argument of “outsiders coming in.” I have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization operating"-Dr martin Luther king Jr- script from Birmingham jail letters -
March on Washington
200,000 people took place in the march on Washington or the great march on Washington. This march was for freedom and jobs for African americans. It was the largest demonstration ever seen at the nations capital. This was also where Dr martin Luther king Jr gave his I have a dream speech -
bombing of birmingham church
On September 15, a bomb exploded Sunday morning at the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama. The church was a predominantly black congregation that served as a meeting place for civil rights leaders.4 girls were killed and many others were injured -
24 amendment
"The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax." -
civil rights act passed
This act made it so segregation could no longer be held in public places. It was signed by President Lyndon Johnson and made employment discrimination illegal. This document was the most sweeping civil rights legislation since Reconstruction. -
mississippi freedom summer
Hundreds of students worked to help African Americans so they could vote in Mississippi. During the summer it was passed that African Americans were allowed to vote. -
malcolm x assasination
el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz, was an American Muslim minister and human rights activist.he was born on may 19, 1925. he was assassinated by rival Black Muslims while addressing his Organization of Afro-American Unity at the Audubon Ballroom in Washington Heights. "The future belongs to those who prepare for it today."-Malcolm x -
Selma to Montgomery march
SCLC decided to make Selma, located in Dallas County, Alabama, the focus of a voter registration campaign but due to all the segregation only 2 percent of Selma’s eligible black voters (300 out of 15,000) had managed to register. -
voting rights act aproved
This act was signed into law on August 6, 1965, by President Lyndon Johnson. It outlawed the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states. Only 50 percent of African Americans could vote but throughout the years that followed the right to vote go stronger -
Black Panthers
In Oakland California, Huey Newton and Bobby Seale founded the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense. The Panthers practiced militant self-defense of minority communities against the U.S. goverment -
kings assassination
Martin luther king jr was a civil rights leader who was fatally shot at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, on Thursday, April 4, 1968, at the age of 39
