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Plessy v Ferguson
When Homer Plessy did not want to sit down in a Jim Crow car, which broke a Louisianan Law. The court ruled that there was a clear distinguish between white and black train cars and that this did not interfere with the 14th amendment. To conclude the ruling, the government would use the "separate but equal" doctrine to say that all segregated facilities were equal when the black facilities were not anywhere close to the whites. (http://bit.ly/1OAjMcB) -
Congress of Racial Equality
Congress of Racial Equality was a group to support colored people into gaining equal rights. The groups mindset shifted from this to the ideas of black nationalism and separatism. During the non violent protest training 3 of the leaders were murdered by the KKK. Every non violent racial protest was in some way associated with the group. Doing a March on Washington, CORE was able to show the power of blacks into the political world. (http://bit.ly/2nCak4H) -
Jackie Robinson
Robinson made history by integrating whites and blacks by being the first black to play professional baseball. During his first season he won the Rookie of the Year award, and lead the LA Dodgers to the National Leagues Championship. During his 10 years of playing professional baseball, he won many other awards and became very successful in the sport. Even going through all of the Racial Discrimination. (http://bit.ly/1n14iFE) -
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Jackie Robinson Baseball
Jackie Robinson started playing major league baseball on April 15, 1947, he won the National Leagues MVP award in 1949. He won the 1955 World Series Championship with the Dodgers. He won the Spingarn Medal and retired and playing his last MLB game on October 19, 1956. Finally, the MLB association retired his number, 42, in tribute to Jackie Robinson's non-violent civil rights movement. (http://on.si.com/2ognkwQ) -
Sweatt v Painter
Heman Marion Sweatt, who was colored, applied for admission to the Law School of the University of Texas. The school and state law said it was restricted to whites only. Sweatt's application was denied due to his race. After going to the state to order admission, the university attempted to make seperate but equal facilities for law students of color. To conclude the decision, Sweatt won and was admitted to the university. (http://bit.ly/2nqJY3w) -
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Brown v Board of Education
Declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. The decision overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896, which allowed state-sponsored segregation, as it applied to public education. Handed down on May 17, 1954, the Warren Court's unanimous (9–0) decision stated that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. (http://bit.ly/1cnSbhI) -
Medgar Evers
Evers became the first field secretary for the NAACP in Mississippi. He recruited new members for the NAACP and organized voter-registration efforts. He also led demonstrations and economic boycotts of white-owned companies that practiced discrimination. Evers was shot in his driveway on June 12, 1963. (http://bit.ly/2iQuaXC) -
Brown V Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education helped show that white public education facilities were state sponsored and the black facilities were not. During the court case the unanimous decision of 9-0 showed the court that racial discrimination was to be eliminated even if previous cases did not state that the two races should be integrated. The "Separate but equal" signs went down, integrated blacks and whites to bathrooms, education, drinking fountains, diners. (http://bit.ly/1nzUME6) -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Four days before this, Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat for a white male. She eventually was arrested and fined. The boycott lasted 381 days, to cut the profits the buses were making. To conclude this, the Supreme Court ordered the bus system to be integrated. One of the leaders, MLKJR. emerged to become a national leader of the civil rights movements during the Montgomery Bus Boycott. (http://bit.ly/1ymBgQq) -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
After the Montgomery boycott, there was a conference between many civil right leaders, including Martin Luther King Jr. They declared that all colored folks should protest and reject segregation with no violence at all. To have democracy they needed civil rights and equal rights. So eventually that means that colored people will begin segregating with the whites. (http://bit.ly/2mNufPb) -
The Southern Manifesto
This was the outcome of the Brown. V. Board of Education. It was a clear abuse of judicial power. This was made to become a loss to brown and to have encouraging states to not follow it. The states were encouraged to have separate but equal schools. The case violated the constitution because in the original constitution or any amendment, education was not mentioned in it, causing Congress to push the separate but equal schooling. (http://to.pbs.org/1hc6YZt) -
Little Rock - Central High School
9 Black high school students are enrolled into an all white high school to show that the schools can now be integrated. Governor of Arkansas reported to send national guard units to bar down the 9 black students so they would not be able to go to school here.On September 25, the little rock 9 were able to attend the school being escorted mostly everywhere by the help of President Dwight D. Eisenhower. (http://bit.ly/1ufa8Cs) -
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
Known as the shock troops of the civil rights revolution, these young black students were given the chance to say their word in the movement. They played the big role in the Greensboro and freedom rides acts. Some of the members died to the KKK during their non violent protests. With the help from Martin Luther King Jr., the young blacks were able to make the process of gaining civil rights a lot faster than it would without them. (http://bit.ly/2g8KEXt) -
Greensboro sit in
Four black students came to sit down at a lunch counter at Woolworth's at Greensboro North Carolina. The policy at Woolworth's was to not serve anyone but whites. The four black men all stayed in there seat and remained calm until the store closed. They showed up the next day with even more black students to continue the protest. By the end of the sit-in it had spread to 13 states and 55 cities. (http://bit.ly/1MP3Fql) -
Freedom Rides
A group of 13 black and white men who took bus transits to American South to protest against segregation. African American riders would try to use "white only" facilities and diners. The freedom riders went against the constitution saying that having separated bus terminals and buses was unconstitutional. The Kennedy association regulated that bus terminal and buses will be integrated. (http://bit.ly/1vgaxE1) -
James Meredith
On October 1, 1962 he became the first black student to enroll at the University of Mississippi. He graduated with a degree in political science. In June, James went on a solo march through the South to encourage black voters when he was shot and wounded. When he recovered he went on to get his master degree in economics.(http://bit.ly/1kM5U5i) -
Letter from Birmingham Jail
Shortly after King’s arrest, a friend smuggled in a copy of an April 12 Birmingham newspaper which included an open letter, written by eight local Christian and Jewish religious leaders. It criticized both the demonstrations and King himself, whom they considered an outside agitator. Isolated in his cell, King began working on a response. Without notes or research materials, King drafted an impassioned defense of his use of nonviolent, but direct, actions. (http://bit.ly/1YSpCQ8) -
March on Washington
Blacks continued to face discrimination in the postwar years. The March on Washington group met annually to reiterate blacks’ demands for economic equality. More than 200,000 Americans gathered in Washington, D.C., for a rally known as the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.The March on Washington of was followed by years of disillusion and racial strife. (http://bit.ly/1i6tu7Z) -
Bombing of Birmingham church
There was a bomb that exploded before Sunday morning services at the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama.Four young girls were killed and more than 20 other people were seriously injured from the blast.In the aftermath of the bombing, thousands of angry black protesters gathered at the scene of the bombing. Many were arrested and some were even shot. (http://bit.ly/1CwahtD) -
Twenty- Fourth Amendment
The 24th Amendment declares that states could not deny the right to vote due to failure to pay a tax of any kind. It also banned the poll tax, which violated the 14th amendment’s equal protection clause. The amendment embodies the Civil Rights Act. (http://bit.ly/2oodLwi) -
Mississippi Freedom Summer
Freedom Summer was a 1964 voter registration project in Mississippi. Civil rights groups such as the Congress on Racial Equality and the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee fought to expand black voting in the South. This movement made African Americans question if violent methods of protesting was better than non-violent. (http://bit.ly/1jCdm18) -
Civil Rights Act passed
Under the Civil Rights Act, segregation on the grounds of race, religion or national origin was banned at all places of public accommodation, including courthouses, parks, restaurants, theaters, sports arenas and hotels. No longer could blacks and other minorities be denied service simply based on the color of their skin. (http://bit.ly/1udSFsU) -
Malcolm X assassinated
In 1946, at the age of 21, Malcolm was sent to prison on a burglary conviction. It was there he encountered the teachings of Elijah Muhammad. Muhammad’s teachings had a strong effect on Malcolm, who entered into an intense program of self-education and took the last name “X” to symbolize his stolen African identity. One week after his home was firebombed, Malcolm X was shot to death by Nation of Islam members while speaking at a rally of his organization in New York City. (http://bit.ly/1lATEnS) -
Selma to Montgomery march
Protesters attempted to march from Selma to the state capital of Montgomery. They were met with violent resistance by state and local authorities. The journey took about three days to complete. The march, and King’s participation in it, helped raise awareness of the difficulty faced by black voters in the South, and the need for a Voting Rights Act, passed later that year. (http://bit.ly/1nGD5oz) -
Voting Rights Act approved
It was signed by President Lyndon Johnson and aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. (http://bit.ly/1x2nE2e) -
Black Panthers
It was founded in 1966 in Oakland, California, by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale. The party’s original purpose was to patrol African American neighborhoods to protect residents from acts of police brutality. The Panthers eventually developed into a Marxist revolutionary group that called for the arming of all African Americans. (http://bit.ly/2keqUUA) -
King assassinated
On the night of April 3, King gave a speech at the Mason Temple Church in Memphis. The following day King was standing on the second-floor balcony of the Lorraine Motel when a sniper’s bullet struck him in the neck. He was rushed to a hospital, where he was pronounced dead about an hour later, at the age of 39. (http://bit.ly/1v0B75e)
