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Plessy v. Ferguson
A case in which the Supreme Court ruled that segregation is legal. Established the "separate but equal" doctrine. -
NAACP
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. -
Thurgood Marshall
Over 23 years, Marshall and his NAACP lawyers won 29 out of 32 cases argued before the Supreme Court. -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Case in which the Supreme Court ruled that "separate but equal" education for black and white students was unconstitutional. -
De Jure vs. De Facto Segregation
De Jure- racial separation established by law.
De Facto- racial separation established by practice and custom, not by law -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks refused to yield her seat to a white man on a Montgomery bus. After she was arrested African Americans began to boycott public buses. -
Rosa Parks
NAACP officer who was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery bus. -
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Elected to lead the NAACP group in the Montgomery Bus boycott. King took the concept of civil disobedience from writer Henry David Thoreau. He learned to organize massive demonstrations from Phillip Randolph. And he learned from Gandhi to resist oppression without violence. -
Emmett Till
A 14-year-old African-American boy who allegedly flirted with a white woman and was violently murdered. -
Little Rock School Integration
"Little Rock Nine" - nine African American students volunteered to integrate Little Rock's Central High School. -
The Sit-Ins
Four black students from North Carolina A&T College sat down at a Woolworth lunch counter in downtown Greensboro, North Carolina. -
Freedom Rider
One of the civil rights activists who rode buses throughout the South in the early 1960s to challenge segregation. -
March on Birmingham, Alabama
A movement created to call attention to the effort of integration of African Americans in Birmingham, Alabama. -
March on Washigton
One of the largest political rallies for human rights in the United States that demanded civil and economic rights for African Americans. -
24th Amendment
The United States ratified the 24th Amendment to the Constitution, prohibiting any poll tax in elections for federal officials. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
A law that banned discrimination on the basis of race, sex, national origin, or religion in public places. -
Malcolm X
African Muslim minister and human rights activist. -
March from Selma to Montgomery for voting rights
Protesters marched from Selma to Montgomery in an effort to register black voters in the South. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Aimed to overcome legal barriers that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote. -
Race Riots
One of the worst race riots was in a neighborhood in LA. Thirty-four people were killed and hundreds of millions of dollars worth of property was destroyed. -
Black Panther Party
A militant African-American political organization formed in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale to fight police brutality and to provide services in the ghetto.
