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Key
✳ Supreme Court Case
✴ Non-violent Protest
⭐ Achievement
💮 Significant Person
⚫ Death -
⚫ Emmett Till's Murder
Emmett Till, a 14-year-old African American boy, was brutely murdered by two white men after one of the men's wives said that Emmett flirted with her. -
✴ Montgomery Bus Boycott
After the arrest of Rosa Parks, who refused to follow segregation rules on a bus, people began to stop riding the bus. 90% of Montgomery's riders who were black citizens stayed off of buses as a protest against segregation. -
⭐ Founding of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference
The SCLC is an African-American civil rights organization. Martin Luther King Jr. started this organization to promote the Civil Rights Movement -
⭐ Civil Rights Act of 1957
The Civil Rights Act of 1957 was the first federal civil rights legislation passed by the US. This act authorized the persecution of those who violated the right to vote for US citizens. -
✳ Cooper v. Aaron
In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that the state of Arkansas could not pass legislation to try to get rid of or ignore the Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education that racial segregation in public schools is unconstitutional;l. -
✴ Greensboro Sit-In
Sit-ins became a non-violent way of protesting by occupying an area where colored people were not allowed to sit. The Greensboro sit-ins launched a wave of anti-segregation sit-ins across the South and opened a national awareness of the depth of segregation in the nation. -
✴ James Meredith's March Against Fear
James Meridith lead the march from Memphis, Tennessee to Jackson, Mississippi. This march called attention to racism and the continued discrimination in South's voting. -
✳ Heart of Atlanta Motel vs. US
This Supreme Court case upheld the constitutionality of Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Discrimination because of race, color, sex, religion, or national origin was prohibited in any public buildings engaged in interstate commerce, such as restaurants and hotels. -
⚫ Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr. was shot dead from his motel balcony by James Earl Ray. As a result of his assassination, major outbreaks of violence broke out. -
⭐ Fair Housing Act
The Fair Housing Act of 1968 prohibited discrimination in residential housing based on all protected classes (Sex, Race, Religion, National Origin, Color, Familial Status, and Handicapped). -
✳ Swann vs. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools
This Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation on buses and in schools was unconstitutional. This promoted integration in public schools by having school buses take children of different races. -
💮 Shirley Chisolm’s Presidential Campaign
Shirley Chisolm was the first African American woman to be elected to Congress and campaign for the Democratic Party presidential nomination. Chisolm lost the presidential nomination due to racist and sexist opposition but she showed the struggle for groups, such as African Americans and women, to be a part of politics. -
💮 Hank Aaron’s Home Run Record
Hank Aaron, an African-American baseball player, dealt with lots of racism and death threats when playing for the Atlanta Braves. Despite the violent hatred, Aaron broke Babe Ruth's home run record when he hit his 715th homerun. Aaron broke the color barrier for good in baseball. -
💮 Barbara Jordan’s Address at the Democratic National Convention
US Representative, Barbara Jordan, was the first African-American woman to deliver the keynote address at a Democratic National Convention. She promoted the idea of equality for all and privileges for none. -
✳ University of California Regents vs. Bakke
This Supreme Court case held that a university's will not use race as an admission decision because it violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.