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Keys v. Carolina Coach
Sarah Keys Evans refused to give up her seat on a state-to-state charter bus. Which led to the outlaw the segregation of Black passengers in buses traveling across state lines.
protest
or No Violence. -
Emmett Till’s Murder
14-year-old Black youth Emmett Till was murdered in a racist attack. Till was accused of harassing a local white woman. Several days later, relatives of the woman abducted Till, brutally beating and killing him before disposing of his body in a nearby river.
Violence by Opposition -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Bus Boycott was a civil rights protest during which African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, to protest segregated seating. Lasted 15 days and was the first large-scale U.S. demonstration against segregation.
protest and achivement -
Little Rock Nine Crisis (Achievement Legislation/Supreme Court Case)
Since Plessy v Ferguson was overturned black and white kids go to school together. Arkansas governor Faubus was against the new law and ordered the state's National Guard to block their entrance. The nine Students couldn't enter the school. This caused Eisenhower to remove the National Guard from their post, stating that he upholds the laws in the constitution. Now the nine students were faced with angry white mobs Eisenhower had to call back the National Guard to walk the students into school -
Cooper v. Aaron February 20, 1958
Due to brown vs board of education. Cooper v. Aaron was a decision that denied the school board of Little Rock, Arkansas, the right to delay racial desegregation for 30 months.
Legislation/Supreme Court Case -
Greensboro Sit-In
The Greensboro sit-ins were a series of nonviolent protests from February to July 1960. When young African American students staged a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth’s lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, and refused to leave
protest and violence by opposition -
Freedom Riders
Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated Southern United States in 1961 to protest segregated bus terminals. Sadly the protest turned violent because white people were angry and began to slash the tires, burn the buses, and brutally beat the freedom riders. The protest lasted til Dec 10, 1961
Violence by Protesters -
The Albany Movement
The Albany Movement was a desegregation and voters' rights coalition formed in Albany, Georgia, in November 1961. This movement was founded by local black leaders and ministers They protested through a series of local boycotts, rallies, and protest meetings to protest the arrests of the Freedom Riders in Albany. Their main goal was to end all forms of racial segregation in the city.
No Violence. -
Assassination of Malcolm X
Malcolm X was an African American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a popular figure during the civil rights movement. He was sadly assassinated on February 21, 1965, by rival Black Muslims while addressing his Organization he was gunned down in front of his pregnant and four daughters. Mujahid Abdul Halim, Muhammad A. Aziz and Khalil Islam were the killers and were soon charged with first-degree murder.
Violence by Opposition -
Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.
Martin Luther King, Jr. was an american civil rights activist from 1955 till his death in 68. Luther rose to fame for his nonviolent resistance protest to achieve equal rights for Black Americans on April 4, 1968, Sadly Martin Luther King Jr. was shot and mortally wounded as he stood on the second-floor balcony outside his room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tenn. His killer was James Earl Ray
Violence by Opposition -
Swann vs. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools April 20, 1971
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education was a Supreme court case dealing with the busing of students to promote integration in public schools. The Supreme Court of the United States unanimously upheld busing programs that aimed to speed up the racial integration of public schools in the United States.
Legislation/Supreme Court Case -
Shirley Chisolm’s Presidential Campaign
Shirley Anita Chisholm was an American politician who in 1968 became the first black woman to be elected to Congress. Chisholm represented New York's 12th congressional district, a district centered on Bedford–Stuyvesant, for seven terms from 1969 to 1983
Achievement -
Hank Aaron’s Home Run Record April 8, 1974,
Atlanta Braves star Hank Aaron hit his 715th career home run off Los Angeles Dodgers pitcher Al Downing to break the record held by Babe Ruth. Hank Aaron also helped to integrate the minor leagues. He is important because he was a civil rights activist before and after his baseball career.
Achievement -
Barbara Jordan’s Address at the Democratic National Convention achievement
The primary goal of the Democratic National Convention is to officially nominate a candidate for president and vice president, adopt a comprehensive party platform and unify the party. On July 12, 1976, Barbara Jordan, a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, became the first African American woman to deliver the keynote address to the Democratic National Convention. In her speech, she states that America will not see the American dream if they don't come together and become equal -
University of California Regents vs. Bakke
Is a 1978 Supreme Court case that held that a university's admissions criteria which used race as a definite and exclusive basis for an admission decision violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Supreme Court ruled that a university's use of racial "quotas" in its admissions process was unconstitutional
Legislation/Supreme Court Case