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The 13th Amendment
The ratification of slavery in the United States after the civil war. -
The 14th Amendment
Rights of citizenship, due process of law, and equal protection of the law. The 14th amendment has become one of the most used amendments in court to date regarding the equal protection clause. -
The 15th Amendment
A citizen’s right to vote shall not be denied due to their race by the United States or any state due to a person’s “race, color, or previous servitude” -
Creation of the Tuskegee Institute
The Tuskegee Institute was the first ever private African American university located in Tuskegee, Alabama. Established by Booker T. Washington and Lewis Adams, this university provided students with proper academic and vocational education. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson was U.S. Supreme court decision that upheld the idea of segregation as being constitutional, believing in the quote “separate but equal”. Stemming from an incident where an African American male, Homer Plessy, refused to sit in a car designated for African Americans. -
Creation of the NAACP
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is America’s largest civil rights organization. It was created by both white and black civil rights activists as a response to the ongoing racism in the US. -
The 19th Amendment
This amendment was passed on August 18th, 1920 allowing American women the right to vote, also known as women’s suffrage. -
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) proposed
Proposed originally by the National Woman’s political party in 1923, this policy was proposed to provide legal equality of all sexes, and eliminate discrimination based on a person’s sex. -
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Cesar Chavez
A union leader and labor organizer that advocated for the better treatment of immigrant workers including pay and working conditions. He led several marches, boycotts, and went on multiple hunger strikes, which is contributed to his death. -
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
A civil rights protest where African Americans refused to ride city busses in Montgomery, Alabama. This was known as the first big U.S. demonstration against segregation, especially in the south -
Little Rock 9
The Little Rock 9 was a group of nine African American Students who attended an all white high school (Central) in Little Rock, Arkansas. Their attendance was a test of the Brown vs. Board of Education trial, which declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional. -
Greensboro Sit-in
The Greensboro Sit-in was another nonviolent protest against a segregated lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina. Its success led to a widespread movement of nonviolent protests around the U.S. for civil rights. -
The Freedom Riders
A group of both black and white Civil Rights activists, that rode interstate busses from through the American south to protest against segregation in a part of the nation that was abided by Jim Crow Laws. -
MLK's "I Have a Dream Speech (March on Washington)
One of the most famous speeches in American history delivered by Martin Luther King Jr.. King was a primary leader of the Civil Rights Movement and advocated for the better treatment of African Americans along with other minorities in the United States. Over 250,000 people attended his March on Washington. -
MLK's Letter from Birmingham Jail
Written by Martin Luther King Jr., his “Letter from Birmingham Jail” is known as his written philosophy on civil rights and the fair treatment of not just African Americans, but all minorities and religions, without the oppression of others. -
Civil Rights Act
This act, first suggested by John F. Kennedy, but signed by Lyndon B. Johnson, ended segregation in public places. It also banned discrimination from employers based on race, color, sex, religion, or national origin. -
Voting Rights Act
This act was primarily created to break any barriers that withheld any African Americans from voting and granted them this right under the 15th Amendment. -
March from Selma, Alabama
The march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama was one of multiple nonviolent civil rights protests in the south, which was deeply overcome with racism. This 54 mile protest resulted in both violence and awareness from many about civil rights. -
The Black Panthers
Also known as the Black Panther Party, this organization was a political party founded by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale. They dressed in black berets and black leather jackets, and organized armed citizen patrols of many U.S. cities. -
MLK Assassination
Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee on April 4th, 1968. His death shocked the world and sent many African Americans into a period of mourning, but also led to the last significant legislative achievement in the civil rights era, the equal housing bill.
