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Scott vs. Stanford
Dread Scott was born into slavery. His owner moved him to Missouri and his owner dies. He was bought by doctor Emerson and they moved to Missouri, a free state. The question of the case was, was Dread Scott free or slave? The Supreme court ruled that Americans of African decent whether free or slave, were not american citizens and could not sue in federal court. Even if he was in a free state he still had an owner and was a slave. -
13th amendment
the 13th amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude -
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Reconstruction
The Reconstruction era was an era after the civil war where america tried to end slavery once and for all and tried to build America back up or put it back together. -
14th amendment
defined citizenship saying that if you were born in the U.S. you are a citizen or if you are naturalized to the country then you are a citizen. It also incorporated the due process rights to the states. -
15th amendment
any U.S. citizen can vote no matter their race, color, or previous condition of servitude or if they were formally a slave. -
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Jim Crow Era
A time period where federal and state laws were enforced that enforced racial segregation.An example of one of these laws is African American children and White children had to attend different schools. -
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Louissiana enacted a separate car act which made blacks and whites use separate cars. an African American man from New Orleans named Homer Plessy challenged segregated train cars. The question was does the separate car act violate the 14th amendment. The court ruled that the state law was constitutional. -
19th amendment
The 19th amendment gave voting rights to women. It said that voting rights can not be denied to people based off of their sex. -
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Scottsboro Boys
The Scottsboro boys were 9 African American teens that were accused of raping two woman aboard a train. A fight broke out on the train and these nine boys were arrested with minor charged but when the police asked two woman on the train what happened they claimed they had been raped by the boys. They went on trial and three trials took one day with no help from their attorneys. -
George Stinney case
George Stinney, a young African American boy, was arrested and convicted of killing 2 white little girls. A month later he was executed by electrocution by an electric chair. During his trial many of his rights were violated. He was not allowed to bring fourth a witness, no warrant was issued for his arrest, and no lawyer was at his question. The inoccent boy was also given cruel or unusual punishment since he was sentenced to death. -
Brown v. Board
This case dealt with Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia, Delaware, and Washington D.C. relating to the segregation of public schools on the basis of race. The question of the case was, "Does the segregation of public education based solely on race violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?" The court ruled that segregation in schools violated the protection clause of the 14th amendment. -
24th Amendment
This election abolished poll taxes it also said that citizens could vote in primary elections or other elections for president or vice president. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Banned segregation in public places and discrimination when someone is being employed based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.It also denied money to any association being discriminatory. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This act made discriminatory acts such as literacy tests illegal. It outlawed anything discriminatory in voting. Another thing it outlawed was the grandfather clause which said that you could only vote if your grandfather was able to vote making all African Americans inelligable to vote because their grandfather couldn't vote because before the civil war African Americans could not vote. -
Civil Rights act of 1968
This act made it illegal to not sell a house to someone because of their race or to persuade someone not to sell their house because another race might move in (blockbusting). -
California v. Bakke
Allan Bakke was denied acceptance to a college soley based upon his race. The question of the case was, "Did the University of California violate the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964, by practicing an affirmative action policy that resulted in the repeated rejection of Bakke's application for admission to its medical school?" The results were an 8-1 decision in favor of Bakke. -
Gratz v. Bollinger
Gratz and Hamacher filed a class action suit against the LSA, they argued that the admission procedure discriminated against certain racial and ethnic groups in violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The question was, "Did the University of Michigan’s use of racial preferences in undergraduate admissions violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?" The court ruled 6-3 for Gratz. -
Meredith v. Jefferson Co Board (Louisville school integration)
The Louisville school integration happened in 1975 where Louisville had a court order integration. At Jefferson County Public Schools, integration was ordered by court until 2000 after this they used three factors one of them being race. Meredith and other parents sued the school district. There were two questions to the case, they were mainly asking if this violated the 14th amendment. The court ruled 5-4 with Meredith. -
Shelby County v. Holder (elimination of preclearance enforcement)
Shelby County, Alabama filed a law suit in district court saying section 5 and 4(b) are unconstitutional of the voting rights act of 1965. The question of the case was, " Does the renewal of Section 5 of the Voter Rights Act under the constraints of Section 4(b) exceed Congress' authority under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, and therefore violate the Tenth Amendment and Article Four of the Constitution?" The court ruled in a 5-4 decision for Alabama.
