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Thoreau
Was a transcendentalist which believes that a person can gain special, transcendent knowledge about creation, god, faith, etc. from being close to nature. -
Plessy vs Ferguson
A doctrine "Separate but equal". An incident in 1892 in which African-American train passenger refused to sit in a car for blacks. -
Randolph
He organized the March on Washington movement in 1941, pressured Roosevelt to issue Executive Order 8802 banning discrimination in defense industries. -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
A Supreme Court case in 1954 which the justices ruled unanimously that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. -
Emmett Till
A 14 year old African American girl who was accused of offending a white women in her family's grocery store. -
Gandhi
Began his activism as a Indian immigrant in South Africa. Stressed economic independence in India. Gandhi announced the end of the resistance movement. British authorities arrested him in March 1922 and sentenced him 6 years, he was released in 1924. -
Rosa Parks
An African-American civil rights activist who refused to give up her seat to a white person on a segregated bus in Montgomery. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
A civil rights protest where African-Americans refused to ride the city buses in Montgomery. -
Little Rock School Integration
A group of 9 black students who enrolled at a all white school called Central High school in Little Rock. Governor Orval Faubus sent the Arkansas National Guard to block the nine students. -
The Sit-Ins
The Sit-Ins were non-violent mass protests that eventually led to the Civil Rights Act. -
Freedom Rides
Civil Rights activists who rode the buses into the segregated Untied States and challenged the bus supreme court cases. -
March on Washington
250,000 people gathered in front of the Lincoln Memorial to aim and draw attention for freedom. -
Malcolm X
Went to jail at age 20 for burglary. After released from prison, he became a Islamic Minister. Preached and believed that blacks should separate themselves from white society. -
De Jure vs. De Facto
De Facto is racial discrimination that is not mandated by law. De Jure is racial discrimination enacted by the law. -
24th amendment
Any citizen in the United States can vote, shall not be denied by the United States by reason to fail to pay any poll tax or any tax. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Ended public school segregation and refusing to employ someone due to their race, gender, religion etc. -
March from Selma to Montgomery
Marchers fought for the right to carry out their protest. President Johnson called for a joint session with Congress, calling for federal voting rights legislation to protect African Americans from barriers that prevented them from voting. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Allowed all African-Americans to vote without having to take some sort of literacy test. -
Race Riots
Race Riots were taken place in inner cities, caused by violence between races in poor inner cities. -
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
A social activist who preached for equality and human rights for African Americans. Known for his "I have a dream" speech. Assassinated in 1968. .