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Brown v. Board of Education
NAACP Legal Defense began to fight segregation in public schools. They chose to sue a school in Kansas and they take 4 other schools as well. NAACP argue that black students feel lower and it violates the 14th Amendment, but the Board of Education argues that segregated education prepares them for work. The Supreme Court reheard the case and came up with the rule "separate but equal" -
Emmett Till Murdered
A 14-year-old black boy whistled at a white woman, as a result, the woman's husband and brother in law beat and shot him to death, later throwing him in the Tallahatchie River. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white person on a bus. When she was bailed out MLK started his movement. It turned into a long-term campaign. Black people started taking taxis instead of buses. MLK met up with boycott participants and they voted to end the boycott and officially disintegrated on December 20, 1965. -
Central High School(Little Rock Nine)
After a long battle of attempts to fight segregation 9 students were allowed to enroll in Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas -
Freedom Rides
The southern States still enforced segregation and "Separate But Equal" rules. There was a group of "Freedom Riders" who check the segregation policies and travel through the south by buses. These riders went throughout South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, and Georgia without any problems. Problems came when they came to Alabama. They encountered an angry mob with chains, and lead pipes. The only thing the riders were offered was nonviolent resistance. The second group was also attacked. -
The Children's Crusade of 1963
James Bevel, the leader of SCLC proposes that children should be demonstrators. MLK was hesitant at first and eventually agreed to do it. On May 2nd the kids skipped school and marched downstairs in order to protest segregation. Public Safety Commissioner, Eugene Bull Conner orders police to arrest and jail hundreds of kids. The next day 1,000 children protested but this time firefighters knocked the kids out with fire hoses and used dogs and clubs to attack children. The public was super mad. -
March On Washington
200,000 people of all races marched for Jobs of Freedom. They marched to demand passage for the Civil rights act and job training and placement for black unsegregated public schools, and to prevent racial discrimination. They marched from the Washington Monument to the Lincoln Memorial. They also got speeches from Civil Rights activists such as MLK. -
Baptist Church Bombing
As 4 girls, all at the age of 14, were killed when a bomb exploded at the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama. 20 others were injured. The church was a civil rights church, however, no one was arrested or charged for the bombing. More than 8,000 people were at the girl's service. In 1977 the Ku Klux Klan leader, Robert Chambliss was blamed for the church bombing and 2 others were convicted. -
Freedom Summer
The NAACP, CORE, and SNCC want a black voter registration to vote. The staff are white college students who volunteer during the summer. They establish "Freedom Schools" for Mississippi children, where black students with segregated schools get free teaching from college students. On June 21st, 1964 3 of the CORE volunteers go missing. The Johnson Administration sends the FBI to investigate and they find out that KKK members were the ones behind it, there were sent to 7 years charged with murder -
Bloody Sunday(Selma)
600 blacks begin a 50-mile march from Selma, Alabama to Montgomery, Alabama. The government announced that they aren't supporting the march. Williams and Lewis reached the end of the Edmund Pettus Bridge and were stopped by law enforcement officers. Mayor Cloud orders the marchers to scatter and police advance. Police injured dozens. This was known as Bloody Sunday. Then a bill was sent stating "all restrictions used to deny the people the right to vote." Wallace signs a pension as well. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Lyndon B. Johnson and Congress want more laws to support the 15th Amendment's promise of voting rights for all. The act bans racial discrimination in voting. It also forbids literacy tests on blacks in the South. "The Vote is the most powerful instrument ever devised by man for breaking down injustice and destroying the terrible walls which imprison men because they are different from other men," MLK and Rosa Parks.
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