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Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation is a executive order issued by Abraham Lincoln on Janurary first of the third year of the civil war, and it promises freedom of the slaves in the confederate states upon victory of the union. -
Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Thirteenth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States abolishes slavery and forced servitude in all parts of America. When the Thirteenth Amendment was passed, the Civil War was just near its end, and the Southern states have not yet been restored to the Union. The Senate passed the bill in 1864, but only a year later did the House of Representatives pass it as well after Lincoln's persistent efforts. -
First Ku Klux Klan Founded
The founders of the First Ku Klux Klan are all former soilders of the South. The Ku Klux Klan disaproved with the reconstruction acts of post civil-war, and commited violent acts against many republican leaders in an attempt to return the South to what it has been. The Klan's signiture white mask and dress has already been decided. Only in 1871 did President Grant take action against the klan, and in 1876 the first generation of the Ku Klux Klan became generally wiped out. -
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States granted citizenship to men of all race, as long as they were born in the United States or if they were a naturalized citizen.It modified a section of the original constitution, counting colored men as full citizens. -
Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States granted full voting rights to all citizens of the United States. No states can take away any of the privilages granted by the Amendment. -
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Jim Crow Laws
A series of laws in the southern part of the states post civil war that limited blacks in a number of ways, mostly by seperating colored men from whites. Many of the laws seperated blacks and whites in everyday life, forbidding them to work together or to serve each other. Some of the laws include ban on intermarriage, ban on mixing of schools. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Four years prior, Homer Plessy, a 30- year old Luoisiana resident who was part of a civil rights organization for blacks purposely sat in the white section of the East Louisiana railroad and claimed himself black. He was then arrested, and the case eventually reached the supreme court. The final decision, passed down at May 18, 1896, states that all segregation laws are legal and constitutional as long as the laws provide equal service to whites and the colored. -
Founding of the Second Ku Klux Klan (Aproximate)
In 1915, the second generation of the Ku Klux Klan was founded. This Klan also took an opposide stance against Roman Cathlolics, jews, and other foreigners. The Klan activities included marches and rallies accross the country. The great depression crushed Klan activities, and only in the 1960s did Klan activities start to emerge again, mainly due to the civil rights movement. -
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Scottsboro Trials
In March 25 1931, a fight broke out between nine black teenagers and several other white teenagers on a train. Later, two white girls in the train accused the teenagers of rape. A series a trials spawned from this case. At first, death sentence was ordered upon eight of the nine teenagers after an unfair and hasty trial. Then, the Supreme Court reversed the desicion of the Alabama Supreme Court. More trials are to come over the year and caused many protests because of unfair judgements. -
Executive Order 8802
An Executive Order issued by Franklin D. Roosevelt, banning discrimination in federal agencies. The executive order was prompted by the rising tension of the war and the appearence of many jobs in the defense industries. -
Executive Order 9981
In this Executive Order, President Harry S. Truman declared that everyone shall be treated equally in the army, setting up the basis for future civil rights acts. -
Brown v. Board of Education
In the Brown v. Board of Education case, the Supreme Court deemed segregation in the schools illegal and unconstitutional, violating the fourteenth amendment. The case began when Oliver Brown filed a law suit against the Topeka Board of Education after the Board denied Brown's daughter access to a white school. After being ignored by the local court, Brown brought the law suit to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court reversed its decision in the previous Plessy v. Ferguson case. -
Rosa Parks arrest
In the city of Montgomery, the bus code allowed bus drivers to assign seats, and bus drivers in Montgomery usually takes it for granted that they have the previlage to tell blacks to give up their seats for whites, even though the code does not specifically say so. Rosa Parks sat in one of the front black seats, and she was told to give up her seat when the bus became full. She refused, and eventually got arrested. This spurred a series of protests in Montgomery and eventually over the country. -
Armed Escort of the Little rock nine
After the Brown v. Board of Education decision, nine black children attempted to enter the Little Rock Central High. However, the governor of Arkansas, Oval Faubus, sent out the Arkansas National Guard to prevent the nine from entering school. After the story reached the White House, Einsenhower sent out the 101th division of the US army to escort the nine to school. Afterwards, only one of the nine graduated, and the other eight were forced o move to other schools. -
I Have a Dream speech
A speech regarding civil by Martin Luther King Jr. regarding the freedom of Americans, making references to the declaration of indepence and making mention of the Emancipation Proclamation. The speech was broadcasted on five major TV networks and affected millions of people. It made a huge impact on the passing of the civil rights act. -
Civil Rights Act
The Civil Rights Act, signed by Lyndon Johnson on July 2nd, 1964, grants equal treatment to all Americans. It was urged by John F. Kennedy during his presidency, though he did not live to pass the act himself. The passage of the act was a difficult one, for house and senate opinions were divided. Through support of John F. Kennedy and later Lyndon Johnson, the act was finally passed. The act officially marked the end of racial discrimination in the United States.
