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A year before the Mayflower, the first 20 African slaves were sold.
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William Tucker, the first African American, was born into slavery. William’s parents were among the first 20 slaves brought to America.
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New York Slave Revolt of 1712: On April 6, 1712 a group of slaves set fire to an outhouse which served as a sign for other slaves to revolt. Whites ran outside to see what was happening, and they were greeted by 10s of armed slaves. 9 whites killed, and 6 injured.
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Thomas Paine’s African Slavery in America was published in the Pennsylvania Journal and Weekly Advertiser
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Slaves are now counted at ⅗‘s of a person according to the constitution. This was done so the state could have more representatives. Known as the ⅗’s compromise.
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Nat Turner was an African American who led a revolt against white men in the late summer of 1831. At 2 am on August 21 Turner led a group of 40 slaves or more to white households killing entire families while they slept. They went from house to house until 55 white men were found dead. These men were killed with many different weapons such as clubs, knives, and guns. Some of the slaves were captured the next night but Tuner wasn't captured until October 30 and hanged on November 11.
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About 18,000 Cherokees were forced to leave their land and resettle to the west of the Mississippi a place known as the "Trail of Tears."
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The first ever women’s rights convention in Seneca Falls, NY. Declaration of Sentiments signed by 68 women and 32 men.
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Beginning of the Civil War
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Slavery was abolished by establishing the 13th Amendment.
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The Klu Klux Klan is created
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Minor v. Happersett: Supreme Court unanimously decided to not overturn the decision to not allow Virginia Minor to vote in the 1872 Presidential Election. At this time women were not guaranteed the right to vote.
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Slaughter House Cases: Supreme Court ruled that privileges and immunities given in the 14th amendment were limited to those listed in the Constitution, and not in rights given by individual states.
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Civil Rights Act 1875: This Act was meant to guarantee African Americans equal treatment in public accommodation, transportation, and prohibited exclusion from jury service.
http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/293308?terms=civil+rights -
Colorado passes a law allowing women to vote.
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First women is elected into Congress in the House of Representatives, her name was Jeannette Rankin.
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19th amendment was passed allowing women in every state to vote
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First black man plays in Major League baseball, his name was Jackie Robinson
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A record reporting of 0 lynchings during a year at Tuskegee Institute.
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Bolling v. Sharpe:
Companion case to brown v board of education. The Supreme Court ordered desegregation with “all deliberate speed”. -
Daughters of Bilitis (DOB) known as the first U.S. lesbian organization, was formed.
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Brown v. Board of Education: Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public schools was unconstitutional.
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Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat to a white man on a bus.
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The Montgomery Bus Boycott ends and buses are fully integrated
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Woolworths integrates their counter after the sit ins had been going on for 6 months
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At a Woolworth in Greensboro, N.C. African American young adults take up seat at a whites only counter and order but are denied. Their response was to stay seated at the counter until closing time. This is the event that started the Greensboro sit-ins.
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The first black young adult, James Meredith, was enrolled at the University of Mississippi.
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Birmingham Civil Rights Protest: On July 15,1963 citizens who were protesting against segregation were hit by firefighters hoses on full force. This became a focal point of the desegregation movement.
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MLK Jr. gives the I Have a Dream Speech
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Civil Rights Act 1964: This Act was signed by President LBJ, and meant to eliminate racial discrimination in public places and in employment.
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Voting Rights Act 1965: The first national law to ensure voting rights to all americans.
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Selma to Montgomery March On March 7, 1965 in order to break up a demonstration march, Governor Wallace ordered state troopers to use tear gas and violent behavior. This day became known as Bloody Sunday. The nation saw the police brutality on TV and demanded Washington protect the rights of blacks.
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NOW (National Organization for Women) was founded.
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As a result of Loving v. Virginia interracial marriage becomes legal.
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First man of color, Thurgood Marshall, appointed as a Supreme Court justice.
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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated.
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Police raid a homosexual bar in Greenwich Village and starts the Gay Rights Movement with two days of rioting.
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Birth Control is approved for use by the FDA
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Swann v. Charlotte- Mecklenburg Board of education : The unanimous Supreme Court decision to give Official Court Sanction to achieve desegregation using school buses.
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Homosexuality is classified as a mental illness.
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Roe v. Wade
Supreme Court case on the issue of abortion. The case held in favor of Roe making abortion legal in the first and second trimester (1-6 months) and only in the third trimester (6-9 months) if the mother’s life was in danger. -
Supreme Court rules that all public school must teach foreign kids english in Lau v Nichols.
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Black history month was established.
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Regents of the University of California v. Bakke: White student denied because he was white. The Supreme Court ruled that it was unconstitutional to use racial quotas in the college admissions process, but the school’s use of affirmative action to accept more minority students was constitutional in some cases.
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Civil Rights Commision Reauthorization Act: In November, 1981, President George Bush signed this act. It required the Commission to submit a minimum of one annual report to Congress and the President that oversees federal civil rights enforcement efforts.
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Supreme Courts say that it is against the law to arrest someone for partaking in consensual homosexual acts.
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Civil Rights Act of 1988: On August 10, 1988 President Ronald Reagan signed this act, made an apology, and gave $20,000 to each survivor from the internment camps during World War ll
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Romer v. Evans: First Supreme Court case addressing sexual orientation in 10 years. They ruled that a state constitutional Amendment in Colorado that prevented protected status based on homosexuality or bisexuality went against the Equal Protection Clause
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The first black president is elected, President Barack Obama
