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13th Amendment
This was the amendment that abolished slavery. It was originally written to guarantee slavery, but the Civil War began before it could be ratified. -
Ku Klux Klan
A racist group committed to extreme violence toward African Americans. It remains one of the largest organizations in the country. -
14th Amendment
This amendment was designed to grant citizenship to African Americans. It stated that someone could not deprive any person of his life, liberty, or property without due process of law. -
15th Amendment
This Amendment gave African Americans the right to vote. It was the last of the “Reconstruction Amendments” to be adopted. -
Jim Crow Laws
These laws established racial segregation in all public facilities. This was the main start of segregation. -
Segregation
It separated blacks and white, holding whites to a higher standard. Segregation was started mainly by the Jim Crow Laws. -
Separate but Equal
The Separate but Equal Doctrine was a legal doctrine that justified segregation. Public services were separated by race, but were not actually created equally. It was derived from Plessy vs. Ferguson. -
NAACP
The NAACP was established. Their main purpose was to end racial segregation. -
President Hoover
Herbert Hoover, President from 1929-1933. He did not mention Civil Rights very often. He believed that African Americans could better themselves with education, and thought they should be treated equally. -
Scottsboro Boys
Nine black teenage boys accused of rape in Alabama. Three of them served time in prison. One was killed, and two escaped but were caught and sent back to prison. -
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
President from 19331945. He issued the Executive oOder 8802. This created the Fair Employment Practices Committee. It was the most important federal move in support of the rights of African-Americans between Reconstruction and the Civil Rights Act of 1964. -
Harry Truman
President from 1945-1949. He was known to have prejudices toward African Americans. He used Racial slurs and told racist jokes. -
Brown Vs. Board of Education
The Supreme Court declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional. It was a major event in ending segregation. -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat on a bus for a white person. This action led to a bus boycott that lasted more than a year. -
To Kill a Mockingbird
A book that became instantly famous, winning the Pulitzer Prize. It is the most widely read book dealing with race in America. -
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Martin Luther King, Jr. led a march on Washington of more than 200,000 people. When the march led the Lincoln Memorial, he delivered his famous, "I Have a Dream" speech. -
Clarence M. Mitchell Jr.
He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He was nicknamed the “101st Senator.”
