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The Supreme Court said that slaves weren't citizens meaning that they weren't subjected to any rights under the Constitution. This case also led to the decision that Congress couldn't ban slavery. -
This amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude. Made sure nobody could be forced servants or slaves. -
This amendment declared that anyone born. in the U.S is automatically a citizen. Thus entitling them to any rights a citizen may have under the constitution. -
Made it illegal for states to deny people the right to vote based on race or color. This amendment protected the blacks from the Jim Crow laws -
Established "separate but equal" doctrine as constitutional. This made segregation legal in all public facilities. -
The 19th Amendment granted women the right to vote, a crucial step forward in the fight for gender equality. -
Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional, leading to the desegregation of schools. -
The 24th Amendment abolished the poll tax, which had been used to disenfranchise African American voters, further strengthening voting rights protections. -
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, and ended segregation in public places. -
The Voting Rights Act aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote as guaranteed by the 15th Amendment. -
The Equal Rights Amendment, WHEN RATIFIED IN BOTH HOUSE AND SENATE aimed to guarantee equal rights under the law regardless of sex, advocating for gender equality in various spheres. -
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 prohibits sex-based discrimination in federally funded education programs and activities, ensuring equal opportunities for women and girls. -
This Supreme Court case addressed affirmative action in college admissions. The Court upheld the use of race as one factor but ruled against the use of racial quotas. -
In this Supreme Court case, the constitutionality of a Georgia sodomy law criminalizing certain sexual acts between consenting adults in private was upheld. -
The Americans with Disabilities Act prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, ensuring equal opportunities and access. -
This Supreme Court case struck down a key provision of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which required certain states to obtain federal preclearance before changing voting laws, leading to concerns about voter disenfranchisement. -
Voter ID laws require voters to show identification before casting their ballots, with proponents arguing they prevent voter fraud and opponents claiming they disproportionately affect minority and low-income voters. -
Affirmative action policies aim to increase the representation of historically disadvantaged groups in education, employment, and other areas where they have been historically underrepresented. -
In this landmark Supreme Court case, same-sex marriage was legalized nationwide, affirming marriage equality as a constitutional right.
Image: Same-sex couples or marriage ceremony.