-
13th Amendment (African Americans)
Abolishes slavery -
14th Amendment (African Americans)
Rights of citizenship, due process of law, and equal protection of the
law -
15th Amendment (African Americans)
Right to vote should not be denied on account of race or color
(African American males right to vote) -
Tuskegee Institute created (African Americans)
Founded by Booker T. Washington, “established a normal school for colored teachers”. Provided students with academic and vocational training. -
Plessy v. Ferguson (African Americans)
Establishes “Separate but equal” -
NAACP created (African Americans)
Key founder: W.E.B. Du Bois. National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People. Civil Rights organization to help
fight for African American rights. -
19th Amendment (Women)
Right to vote should not be denied on the account of sex (Women
get the right to vote) -
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) proposed (Women)
Proposed by the National Women's political party, it was to provide for the legal equality of the sexes and prohibit discrimination on the basis of sex. Defeated in 1972. -
Executive Order 9981 (African Americans)
President Truman abolished discrimination "on the basis of race,
color, religion or national origin" in the military (integrated units) -
Brown v. Board of Education (African Americans)
Integrated public schools. Overturns Plessy v. Ferguson. -
Period: to
Montgomery Bus Boycott (African Americans)
Civil Rights protest in which African Americans refused to ride city
buses protesting segregated seating. Key person: Rosa Parks -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) formed (African Americans)
Advance civil rights in a non-violent manner. Key member: MLK -
Little Rock 9 (African Americans)
Governor Orval Faubus prevented 9 African American students
from entering the high school. President Eisenhower uses National Guard to protect students entry into the school. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957 (African Americans)
President Eisenhower established the Civil Rights Section of the
Justice Department and empowered federal prosecutors to obtain
court injunctions against interference with the right to vote -
Period: to
Chicano Movement (Mural Movement) (Chicanos)
Mexican-American civil rights movement. Artists began using the
walls of city buildings, housing projects, schools, and churches to
depict Mexican-American culture. -
Greensboro, NC Sit-ins (African Americans)
Four African American students sat at a whites only lunch counter
and refused to leave after being denied service. Protesting racial
segregation. -
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) formed (African Americans)
Student political organization civil rights movement group. Used
nonviolent tactics. -
Freedom Riders (African Americans)
Civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated
southern U.S. Challenged and protested local laws that ignored
integration. -
Cesar Chavez (Chicanos)
in 1962 co-founded the National Farm Workers Association (later
called the United Farm Workers Union). Was a Latino American
civil rights activists. -
Dr. King’s: “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” (African Americans)
He defends the strategy of nonviolent resistance to racism -
March on Washington: “I have a dream" speech (African Americans)
He called for civil and economic rights and an end to racism in the
U.S. -
24th Amendment (African Americans)
Prohibits the poll tax in elections -
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (African Americans)
LBJ outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or
national origin. It prohibits unequal application of voter registration
requirements, and racial segregation in schools, employment, and
public accommodations. -
March from Selma, Alabama (African Americans)
MLK led thousands of nonviolent demonstrators to Montgomery,
Alabama where local African Americans had been campaigning for voting rights. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965 (African Americans)
LBJ outlawed the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many
southern states after the Civil War -
Black Panthers (African Americans)
Political organization founded to challenge police brutality against
the African American community. -
Thurgood Marshall appointed to the Supreme Court (African Americans)
Lawyer for the NAACP that argued for Brown v. Board of Ed.
Appointed by LBJ. First African American to serve on the Supreme
Court. -
MLK assassinated (African Americans)
James Earl Ray assassinated Dr. King in Memphis, TN outside his
hotel room. -
American Indian Movement (AIM) (Native Americans)
Initially formed to address Native American affirmation, treaty
issues, spirituality, and leadership while also addressing incidents of police harassment and racism against Natives. Their paramount objective is to create "real economic independence for the Indians”. -
Sandra Day O’Connor appointed to the Supreme Court (Women)
Appointed by Reagan. First female to serve on the court. -
Sonia Sotomayor appointed to the Supreme Court (Chicanos)
Appointed by Obama. First Hispanic and Latina to serve on the
court.