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Brown vs Board of Education
A young african american girl in Topeka, Kansas was denied a school next to her house due to her race, the next closest school was all black school in the other side of town. NAACP helped her parents sue the Topeka school board -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Lead by Martin Luther King Jr, They tried to bring to the Supreme Court alabamas law requiring segregation on buses is unconstitional. Because Rosa Parks refuse to give up her seat in the bus shows that little actions can affect people to make change. -
Litlle Rock 9
September 1957, Little Rock, Arkansas won a court order requiring 9 colored kids to enter Central High, a school with 2000 white students. The governor, Orval Faubus wanted to get re elected as governor and made his campaign as the defender of white supremacy. He made troops from the Arkansas national guard prevent the 9 african americans from entering the school. Eisenhower heard of the issue and ordered the army to send troops to Little Rock, also federalized the Arkansas National Guard -
Sit in Movement
Student nonviolent coordinating committee started the sit in movement. Joseph McNeil, Ezell Blair JR, David Richmond, Franklin McCain started the comittee as a way of peacefull protesting. They usually sit in at white only lunch counters to receive the same service as the white people. People supported and joined the group -
The Freedom Riders
They were African americans and white volunteers were asked to travel into the south to get attention to refusal to integrate bus terminals. They later got beaten up by a gang with baseball bats, chains, lead pipes. -
James Meredith and the Desegregation of Universities
James Meredith is an african american air force veteran student. There were many deathly riots and when JFK heard about this he dispatched 500 federal marshals to escort Meredith to the campus . -
March on Washington
To push civil rights to go through congress. MLK knew it would be hard for just Kennedy to try and push it so MLK found an alternative to lobby congress and build more public support. He got the idea from Philip Randoph to march on washington. The famous speech by Martlin Luther King called “I have a Dream”. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 bill was passed shortly after the march. -
Urban Problems and the Black Panthers
Life for africans americans in the urban areas was overcrowded and dirty, leading to many illness and infant mortality.Many of them were stuck living poor with no way to progress.The group Black Panters was black Power political organization was founded by college students.Their views of civil rights were that revolution was necessary in the US, and they urged african americans to arm themselves and prepare to force themselves and prepare to force whites to grant them equal rights -
Malcolm X and the Civil Rights Movement
Malcolm X lost patience with the slow progress of civil rights and felt that african americans needed to act more militanly and demand equality, not wait to be given.After Malcolm X broke with the National of Islam, he continued to critize the organization, due to this a member of National of Islam shot and killed him in February 1965 -
Voting Rights Among Minorities
Even though the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed, the african americans still had no voting rights. The purpose of the Selma March is to protest against voting rights, but during the march demonstrators were beaten up by police forces because they were ignoring their commands. The voting rights act of 1965 is a bill authorized the US attorney to send federal examiners to register qualified voters by passing local officials who often refuse to register african americans.