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Niagara Movement
started after being denied admittance to hotel in Buffalo New York. a group of 29 business owners, teachers, and clergy gathered at niagara falls to discuss about legal change, addressing the issues of crime, economics, religion, health and, education. The niagara movement forcefully demanded equal in economics, and education as well as right to vote for African men and woman. The movement met annually until 1908 in that a major race riot broke out in Springfield, Illinoi -
Jackie Robsinson
Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier and became the first African American baseball player to play professional baseball. He joined the the what was then the Brooklyn Dodgers now known as the Los Angeles Dodgers in 1947. He was named mvp in 1949 and won the world series in 1955. His jersey number 42 is the only league wide retired jersey. He has a day dedicated to him known as Jackie Robinson day (April 15) where every mlb player and coach wear 42 for that day. -
Harry Trumans Executive order 9981
Harry Trumans executive order 9981 Desegregated the Armed Forces On July 26, 1948, President Harry S. Truman signed this executive order establishing the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services, committing the government to integrating the segregated military. The order also established an advisory committee to examine the rules, practices, and procedures of the armed services and recommend ways to make desegregation a reality. -
Brown vs board of education
court declared state laws saying separate public schools for black and white students is unconstitutional. The decision overturned the 1896 Plessy vs Ferguson decision. Handed down may 1954 the 9-0 unanimous decision this was a major victory in the civil right act. -
Little Rock Nine
The Little Rock Nine were a group of nine black students who enrolled at formerly all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in September 1957. On September 4, 1957, the first day of classes at Central High, Governor Orval Faubus called in the Arkansas National Guard to block the black students’ entry into the high school. Later that month, President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent in federal troops to escort the Little Rock Nine into the school -
Civil rights act
Civil Rights Act (1957)- In 1957, The President of the United States, Dwight D. Eisenhower sent congress a proposal for a civil rights legislation. This proposal became the civil rights act of 1957 which was the first civil rights legislation since the times of Reconstruction (1863- 1877). The act included provisions to protect voting rights of citizens of the United States. -
The March on Washington
The March on Washington was a massive protest march in August 1963, involving over 250,000 people who gathered around the Abraham Lincoln memorial in D.C. The march was aimed towards drawing attention to inequality challenges faced by African Americans and allow African Americans obtain better jobs and more equal freedom. The march helped bring forward the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and follow up with the Voting Rights Act of 1965. -
Black Panthers
The Black Panthers were a political organization that was started in 1966 by two men by the name of Huey Newton and Bobby Seale. The group was set off to challenge police brutality against african americans. The organization dressed in all black and they had organized armed citizen patrols all over Oakland and a bunch of other parts of the U.S. At their very peak, the Black Panthers had over 2000 members but was soon weakened by shootouts and the FBI. -
Martin Luther King Jr
born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta Georgia. MLK was a social activist and a baptist minister, he played an important role in the civil rights movement of the 1950’s. He wanted equal rights for African Americans, and led many marches and boycotts to help bring forward the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act. MLK was the one to end unequal rights for all african americans, later on MLK won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 and has his own U.S federal holiday that began since 1986. -
Malcom X
Malcolm X was a theactivist and the outspoken public voice for the Black Muslim Faith. Malcolm faced the civil rights movement in a non-violent manner for african american and muslim civil rights. Malcolm was named Malcolm Little at birth but changed his last name to “X” to resemble his rejection of his “slave” name. He was a leader that brought hope to young African and Muslim Americans.