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- Plessy v. Ferguson
- Linda Brown was denied admission to her neighborhood school and her parents sued the school board.
- Segregation in public schools was ruled unconstitutional.
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- African American activist, Lamar Smith, was murdered.
- Brookhaven, Mississippi
- Smith was shot and killed by three white men while encouraging African Americans to vote. The men were never punished.
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- A white person and told Parks to give up her seat and move to the back. She refused and was later arrested.
- Because Parks was arrested, other African Americans began the bus boycott to stand up to segregated transportation.
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- Dwight Eisenhower
- It was intended to protect the right of African Americans to vote.
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- 9 African Americans were trying to enter an all white school and were stopped by an angry white mob.
- Eisenhower sent 1,000 troops to Little Rock to protect the nine students and to control the Arkansas National Guardsmen. The troops escorted the students from class to class for the rest of the year.
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- They rode segregated buses into southern towns to draw attention the racism.
- CORE
- Whites joined the efforts alongside the African Americans.
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- White mobs protested his entry and the governor refused to let him register.
- President Kennedy sent US Marshals to escort Meredith onto the campus.
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- A southern postman is murdered on his mail route.
- Attalla, Alabama
- Moore was on his way to deliver a letter to the governor expressing his concerns on racial equality when he was shot by an unknown perpetrator.
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- A civil rights activist
- He was returning from an integration meeting when he was shot by a Ku Klux Klan who was convicted.
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- A political rally led by African Americans to show the challenges they faced in society.
- Dr. MLK Jr.'s "I Have a Dream"
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- Four girls were killed in the bombing of Sixteenth Street Baptist Church.
- Birmingham, Alabama
- A bomb exploded before Sunday morning services at the 16th Street Baptist Church, whose congregation was predominantly black. Four young girls were killed and others were injured.
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- President Lyndon Johnson
- The government could prevent racial discrimination and made segregation illegal at work, school, and other public facilities.
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- The SCLC wanted to register black voters in the South.
- State and local authorities violently resisted.
- The Voting Rights Act passed later that year.
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- Vernon Dahmer, a black community leader, was killed in a Klan bombing.
- Hattiesburg, Mississippi
- Dahmer awoke in his home to the sounds of gunshots and exploding firebombs. He went on to the porch with his gun to fight back while his family escaped. His daughter escaped with severe burns and Dahmer died of lung damage.
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- He was on the staff on the NAACP.
- It was a step toward ending segregation, especially in the government.
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- The Orangeburg Massacre
- Orangeburg, South Carolina
- Students gathered at South Carolina State University to protest segregation at a local bowling alley. A policeman fired shots into the air in an attempt to calm the crowd, but other policemen thought they were being shot at so they opened fire on the students. Three were killed.
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- He was leading a peaceful march in Memphis, Tennessee, when he was shot on the balcony of his motel.
- African Americans looked up to him as their leader and whites saw the unfairness of the situation because he was always peaceful.