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White Primary is Abolished in Georgia
The abolishment of the white primary in the Georgia officially happened in 1946. The white primary blocked black citizens from voting in some elections. During this time, blacks were only allowed to vote during the general election, not the primary elections. Whoever was the ruler of the Democratic Party pretty much knew that they would be the winning governor. This meant that it was unfair to black citizens. Gov. Arnall began to put a stop to this after he realized it was unfair. -
White Primary is Abolished in GA
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Civil Rights Movement in Georgia
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Intergration of the Armed Forces
In 1948, the armed forces were integrated for the first time.
In January, Pres. Truman decided to stop the segregation in the armed forces and took immediate action to try and take the steps to having fully integrated armed forces. Pres. Truman was the one that signed the order to have the armed forces segregated because he wanted any segregation to be gone in the armed forces.
info & picture- http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/desegregation/large/index.php?action=c -
Brown vs. Board of Edication
In 1951, Linda Brown and other children's parents tried to enroll them at a white school. When they were declined, Linda's father, Oliver Brown, filed suit against the Topeka board of education. Thesupreme court ruled in their favor. Then they were allowed in the white schools.
info- http://library.thinkquest.org/J0112391/brown_v__board_of_education.htm
picture- http://thillman.edu.glogster.com/brown-vs-boe/ -
Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott
On December 1st, 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested for not moving out of a bus seat for a white man. Because she did not move, the police came and arrested her. After that, many african-americans got together and did a bus boycott. This lasted for 381 days, but after that, they were allowed to keep their seats.
info-http://www.holidays.net/mlk/rosa.htm
picture- http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSLjJitEolZtCQcVXACY1dPBX_o4WVTurtb9sqpyzBSjTNKrwz4ng -
Change to Georgia's State Flag
John Sammons Bell, Jefferson Lee Davis, and Willis Harden introduced the bill that allowed the flag to be changed. Once this had happened, the flag was changed and part of the old flag was added to the new. Many people said that it was to honor the Civil War, but others thought it was to symbolize Georgia's resistance to not wanting to inegrate.
info and picture- http://www.senate.ga.gov/sro/Documents/StudyCommRpts/00StateFlag.pdf -
Crisis at Central High School and the Little Rock Nine
In 1957, the Little Rock Nine, or Thelma Mothershed, Elizabeth Eckford, Melba Pattillo, Jefferson Thomas, Ernest Green, Minniejean Brown, Carlotta Walls, Terrence Roberts and Gloria Ray, were the first black students to go to Little Rock High School. Elizabeth Eckford was met by an angry mob of white students the first day, but was not hurt. After, Pres. Eisenhower got each student a bodyguard.
info and picture-http://littlerock.about.com/cs/centralhigh/a/Integration.htm -
Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in ATL bombed
Early Oct. 12, 1958, the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in Atlanta was bombed with dynamite. No one was hurt or killed, but the synagague was damaged extremely badly. This was carried out by Gen. Gordon of the Confederate Underground. This building was targeted because they thought that blacks and jews were "aliens". They also threatened to bomb other buildings of clubs that did not fire their black employees.
info & picture- http://jwa.org/media/temple-bombing-atlanta-georgia -
Sibley Commission
The GA General Assembly voted to cut off schools that did not integrate. To handle this problem, the Sibley Commission was formed by John Sibley. When they asked Georgians what they though about the problem, most said they would rather close the school then integrate them. Because of this, they let the schools decide for themselves. Many private school were opened just for white students after this.
info & picture- http://www.newgeorgiaencyclopedia.com/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2617 -
Albany Movement
In 1961, a few civil rights movement groups came together and tried to go against the laws by sitting in the white only areas. For months, many people joined in and were all arrested. Sometimes, there were hundreds of people in jail or on bond. This did not make any major actions occur, but it did create a comittee to help.
info-http://tw0.us/Vu
picture-http://tw0.us/W2 -
Integration of the University of Georgia
Two outstanding students, Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter, both tried to get into UGA. But both were turned down by excuses form the school for over a year. But on Jan. 6, 1961, federal judge William Bootle qualified them for an immediate admission. Once there, many riots broke out. Laws were repealled and they were allowed to stay.
info- http://tw0.us/Uc
picture- http://tw0.us/W4 -
Freedom Riders
The first Freedom Ride was on May 4, 1961, when two buses were carrying black and whites down to the south to go against the ruling in the Boynton vs. Virginia case which stated that it was against the law for bus and train stations to be segregated. On their way, they were beaten and one of their buses was lit on fire.
info & picture- http://tw0.us/W3 -
Birmingham, AL Protests
On April 3rd,many sit-ins, marches, boycotts, and meetings occurred. Many blacks were arrested. But more people kept on coming. MLK talked to hundreds at meetings and asked for volunteers for the sit-ins, boycotts, etc. Then on May 2nd, over a thousand black students tried to march, and hundreds were arrested. Then, the police came and used force to stop them. In the end, the black/white only signs came down and bus stops, bathrooms, etc. -
Birmingham, AL Protests
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March on Washington DC
On the 28th of April, the largest gathering for the Civil Rights movement occurred in Washington DC, attended by about 250,000 people. This march, made for freedom and jobs, is very famous because during this march, MLK said his most famous speech ever, the most famous speech of the civil rights: "I Have a Dream". Almost everyone was watching while this was going on. This made a big impact on the Civil Rights movement.
info & picture- http://tw0.us/W6 -
16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham bombed
On Sep. 15th, at 10:22 AM, the church in Birmingham was bombed by Bobby Frank Cherry, Thomas Blanton, Herman Frank Cash, and Robert Chambliss, members of a KKK group. Four girls, Addie Mae Collins (14), Denise McNair (11), Carole Robertson (14), and Cynthia Wesley (14) were killed by the bomb. 22 other people were injured by the bomb. This bomb blew a whole in the side of the church, and every sinlge window except for one.
info-http://tw0.us/Vr picture-http://tw0.us/WC -
John F. Kennedy Assassinated
On Friday November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas, President John F. Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald. While driving down a street surrounded by many people, Oswald was up in a building, and shot JFK. When Oswald was arrested, he was shot by Jack Ruby.
info- http://tw0.us/Wd
icture-http://tw0.us/WE -
Civil Rights Act 1964 Passed
The Civil Rights Act that was passed in 1964 mostly covered the discrimination of african americans and women. It also ended segregation in schools and public places. This act was signed by Pres. Lyndon B. Johnson.
info- http://tw0.us/V3
picture- http://tw0.us/Xs -
Voting Rights Act of 1965 Passed
The Voting Rights Act was passed in 1965. This act was passed to mostly enforce the 15th amendment, which made voting equal no matter what race or color. This was passed because a lot of southern states were still making it almost impossible for african americans to vote. This act was signed by Pres. Lyndon B. Johnson. -
Summerhill Race Riot (Atlanta)
In 1966, a riot occured in Atlanta that lasted for four days. This riot occurred because there was accused police brutality where a police officer shot an african american that was supposedly a car theif. Several thousand people were a part of this riot. In the end, there was one death and twenty injuries.
info- http://tw0.us/XF
picture- http://tw0.us/Xy -
MLK Assassinated
Martin Luther King was assassinated on April 4, 1968. He was shot by James Earl Ray. While standing in a motel in Tennessee, MLK was shot in his neck/face once, where he had been to lead a march. Around 7:05, he was pronounced dead. After MLK died, many cities erupted into chaos. There were riots all over, just like in Atlanta.
info- http://tw0.us/X2
picture- http://tw0.us/Y0 -
All GA Schools Integrated
The integration of schools first started withe the Brown vs. Board of Education court ruling. It wasn't until many years later that all of the schools in Georgia were actually integrated. This was met with a lot of violence, but eventually they were integrated fully.
info- http://tw0.us/VO
picture- http://tw0.us/Y2
