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Jackie Robinson
Jackie
American Major League Baseball second baseman who became the first African American to play in the major leagues. This inspired many young african americans to attempt and join the major leagues as well. -
CORE
CORE
The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) was founded in 1942 as the Committee of Racial Equality by an interracial group of students in Chicago. The group was funded entirely by the its members. They began wih sit-ins and picket lines to protest against segregation. -
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Sweatt v. Painter
Case
Heman Sweatt, a black man, applied for admission to the University of Texas Law School but Sweatt's application was automatically rejected because of his race. When Sweatt asked the state courts to order his admission, the university tried to provide separate but equal facilities for black law students. In the end, the court ruled in his favor. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Caseprimary
In Louisiana, law states that it is required for separate railway cars for blacks and whites. Homer Adolph Plessy--who was seven-eighths white--took a seat in a "whites only" car of a Louisiana train. He refused to move to the car reserved for blacks and was arrested. In court Ferguson won b/c the lower court judge had ruled against -
Brown v. Board of Education
case
It was actually the name given to five separate cases that were heard by the U.S. Supreme Court about the issue of segregation in public schools. During the long months, Chief Justice Fred Vinson died and was replaced by Gov. Earl Warren of California. He got them to agree to support a unanimous decision declaring segregation in public schools unconstitutional. -
Bus Boycott
Montgomery
King and his colleague Ralph Abernathy organized a boycott of Montgomry/s buses. The demands they made were simple. All black passengers should be treated with respect and seating should be gven on a first-come-first-serve basis, -
The Southern Manifesto
Link
Howard Smith of Virginia, chairman of the House Rules Committee, introduced this. It urged southerners to do all in thier power to use all “lawful means” to resist the chaos that would result from school desegregation. -
SCLC
link
The begining can be traced back to the Montgomery Bus Boycott.Further organizing was done at a meeting in New Orleans, Louisiana on February 14, 1957. The organization shortened its name to Southern Leadership Conference, established an Executive Board of Directors. This organization is still held today and is nation wide. -
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Greensboro Sit-In
Sit in
Joseph McNeil, Franklin McCain, Ezell Blair, Jr. and David Richmond enrolled as freshmen at North Carolina A&T University. The four of them met every evening in their dorm rooms for "bull sessions". It was during these nightly discussions that they considered challenging the institution of segregation. They formed various sit ins without violence and many people joined them. -
James Meredith
James
James was raised on a farm with nine siblings. He joined the military after high school and attended an all-black college before becoming the first black student at the University of Mississippi in 1962. After he graduated, he earned a law degree and became involved in politics. He continued to be active in civil rights and lives in Jackson, Mississippi. -
Letter from a Birmingham Jail
Primary
MLK Jr. while in jail wrote the letter which was his response to a public statement of concern and caution issued by eight white religious leaders of the South. -
SNCC
sncc
a group of black college students from North Carolina A&T University refused to leave a Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina where they had been denied service. This made people start sit-ins across the south without violence. -
March On Washington
Primary
More than 250,000 demonstrators walked upon the nation’s capital to participate in the “March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.” It showed a rare display of unity among the various civil rights organizations. -
Birmingham Church Bombing
Link
Just before 11 o'clock, instead of rising to begin prayers the congregation was knocked to the ground. As a bomb exploded under the steps of the church. -
24Th Amendment
24th
The United States ratified the 24th Amendment to the Constitution, prohibiting any poll tax in elections for federal officials. -
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
civil rights
This act forbade discrimination on the basis of sex as well as race in hiring, promoting, and firing passed by the congress. -
Mississppi Freedom Summer
Freedom
A nonviolent effort by civil rights activists to integrate Mississippi's segregated political system during 1964. -
Malcom X Assassination
Link
In the early 1960s, he began to develop a more outspoken philosophy. one week after his home was firebombed, Malcolm X was shot to death by Nation of Islam members while speaking at a rally of his organization in New York City. -
Voting Rights Act
Primary
This act All qualifications for voting, aside from age, were outlawed. The Act prohibited states from imposing any "voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, or standard, practice, or procedure ... to deny or abridge the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color." -
March to Montgomry
mapPrimary
Martin Luther King led thousands of nonviolent demonstrators to the steps of the capitol in Montgomery, Alabama. When all of them gathered together and said "There never was a moment in American history more honorable and more inspiring than the pilgrimage of clergymen and laymen of every race and faith pouring into Selma to face danger at the side of its embattled Negroes." -
Black Panthers
Black
Huey Newton and Bobby Seale founded the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense.They practiced militant self-defense of minority communities against the U.S. government, and fought to establish revolutionary socialism. -
MLK Assassination
MLK
Shortly after 6 p.m. on April 4, 1968, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was shot and mortally wounded as he stood on the second-floor balcony outside his room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tenn. He was pronounced dead at 7:05 p.m. at St. Joseph Hospital.
