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Medger Evers
Medgar Evers was a civil rights activist who organized voter-registration efforts, demonstrations and boycotts of companies that practiced discrimination.He became the first state field secretary of the NAACP in Mississippi.Evers was drafted into the U.S. Army in 1943. He fought in both France and Germany during World War II, and received an honorable discharge in 1946.1948, he entered Alcorn College. Later in 1954, Evers became the first field secretary for the NAACP in Mississippi. -
James Meredith
James Meredith is a civil rights activist who became the first African American to attend the University of Mississippi in 1962.Meredith spent nine years in the United States Air Force before enrolling in Jackson State College an all-black school in Mississippi. In 1961, he applied to the all-white University of Mississippi. -
"letter from birmingham jail"
after King’s arrest, a friend smuggled in a copy of an April 12 Birmingham newspaper which included an open letter, written by eight local Christian and Jewish religious leaders, which criticized both the demonstrations and King himself, whom they considered an outside agitator.King drafted an impassioned defense of his use of nonviolent, but direct, actions. Over the course of the letter’s 7,000 words, he turned the criticism back upon both the nation’s religious leaders. -
march on washington
The march on Washington was attended by more than 250,000 people, it was the largest demonstration ever seen in the nation's capital, and one of the first to have extensive television coverage. The march marched from the Washington Monument to the Lincoln Memorial, in what turned out to be both a protest and a communal celebration. The heavy police presence turned out to be unnecessary, as the march was noted for its civility and peacefulness. King's speech remains Lengendary -
bombing of birmingham church
Three weeks after Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. "I have a dream speech" An Alabama church was bombed before a Sunday service killing four girls and injuring several others.fifteen sticks of dynamite were planted in the church basement. The KKK were questioned about the bombing. Robert chambliss was charged with murder and buying 122 sticks of dynamite. Chambliss was cleared off the murder charged and receipt a six-month jail sentence and $100 fine for the stick of dynamite -
twenty-fourth amendment
The 24th amendment was important to the Civil Rights Movement as it ended mandatory poll taxes that prevented many African Americans. Poll taxes, combined with grandfather clauses and intimidation, effectively prevented African Americans from having any sort of political power, especially in the South. When the 24th amendment passed, five southern states, Virginia, Alabama, Texas, Arkansas, and Mississippi still had poll taxes. -
Mississippi freedom summer
F-Summer was a 1964 voter registration project in Mississippi, part of a big effort by civil rights groups.Nearly 1,500 people worked in project offices scattered across Mississippi. More than 60,000 black Mississippi residents risked their lives to go to local meetings, choose candidates, and vote in a "Freedom Election" that ran parallel to the regular 1964 national elections. Its overarching goal was to empower local residents to participate in local, state, and national elections. -
civil rights act passed
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is the nation's premier civil rights legislation.Each year, from 1945 until 1957, Congress considered and failed to pass a civil rights bill. Congress finally passed limited Civil Rights Acts in 1957 and 1960, but they offered only moderate gains.President Lyndon B. Johnson, with Martin Luther King, Jr., Dorothy Height, Roy Wilkins, John Lewis, and other civil rights leaders in attendance, signed the bill into law, declaring once and for all. -
Malcolm X assasinated
Malcolm X was shot and killed by assassins identified as Black Muslims as he was about to address the Organization of Afro-American Unity at the Audubon Ballroom in Harlem. Malcolm X rose quickly in the organization and traveled the country preaching the message of the Black Muslims, including the belief that blacks were superior to whites, that blacks and whites should be segregated and that blacks must protect themselves “by any means necessary. -
selma to montgomery march
Another name for this event is called the Bloody Sunday. 600 civil rights marchers headed east out of Selma on U.S. Route 80. They got only as far as the six blocks away, where Lawmen attacked them with billy clubs and tear gas and drove them back into Selma. Two days later on March 9, Martin Luther King, Jr., led a "symbolic" march to the bridge. Then civil rights leaders sought court protection for a third, full-scale march from Selma to the state capitol in Montgomery. -
voting rights act approved
This “act to enforce the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution” was signed into law 95 years after the amendment was ratified. In those years, African Americans in the South faced tremendous obstacles to voting, including poll taxes, literacy tests, and other bureaucratic restrictions to deny them the right to vote. They also risked harassment, intimidation, economic reprisals, and physical violence when they tried to register or vote. -
Black panthers
Oakland California, Huey Newton and Bobby Seale founded the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense. The Panthers practiced militant self-defense of minority communities against the U.S. government, and fought to establish revolutionary socialism through mass organizing and community based programs. April 25th, 1967, the first issue of The Black Panther, the party's official news organ, goes into distribution. In the following month, the party marches on the California state fully armed . -
KIng assassinated
James earl ray was the killer to MLK. Martin Luther King Jr. Was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. His assassination led to an outpouring of anger among black Americans, as well as a period of national mourning that helped speed the way for an equal housing bill that would be the last significant legislative achievement of the civil rights era. -
Plessy v ferguson
The Plessy v Ferguson case began when a man by he name of Homer Plessy refused to sit in the Jim Crow car. At that time it was against the law on Louisiana. By a 7-1 vote of the court implies a legal mater. The court avoided the protection granted by he 14th amendment. Deprives the state from making laws that violate citizens of there privileges or immunities. The 14th amendment was passed enforce the absolute equality of two races before the law. -
congress of racial equailty
Congress of racial equality also known as CORE was founded in 142 by students n Chicago. James L. Farmer and George Houser where members of a Chicago bunch called FOR. They where pacifist organization seeking change of racist attitudes. In 11942 CORE began to protest against segregation they where expanding every were but so where tensions between local control and national leadership. In 1947 core sent eight white and eight black men into the upper south t test a supreme court ruling. -
jackie robinson
Jackie Robinson broke baseball color barrier to play for the Brooklyn Dodgers. Robinson won National league rookie of the year his first season. 1949 Robinson won the league MVP award. Was inducted into the hall of fame in 1962. Manager Branch Rickey of the Brooklyn Dodgers offered Robinson the chance to break baseball unwritten color line Robinson accepted under on condition that he not respond to the abuse he would face. In 1949 Robinson finally broke his silence and spoke back to racial words -
sweatt v painter
In 1946 Heman Marion Sweatt a black man appled for admission to the university of Texas law school. The university restricted access to whites and Sweatt's application was rejected dude to his race. Sweatt asked the state courts to order his admission t he university. In an unanimous decision by the court held the equal protection clues witch required that Sweatt be admitted to the university of Taxes. -
Brown v Board of education
On May 17 , 1947 the supreme court handed down its ruling landmark case of Brown v. Board of education in Topeka Kansas. The court had sent equal public facilities including public schools. Separate education facilities are unequal. Brown v. Board of education decision helped break the back of state sponsored segregation. Helped spark the civil rights movement. By the unanimous decision handed down by the supreme court on May 1, 1954 ended federal tolerance of racial segregation. -
"the southern manifesto"
In 1956, 1 senators and 77 members of the house of representatives signed the Southern Manifesto. The 1954 supreme court decision in Brown v. Board of education was clearly abuse of judicial power. The constitution dose not mention education nor the 14th amendment the submission of the 14t amendment clearly should that there was no intent that it should affect the systems of education maintained by the states. -
little rock- central high school
Nine black students enrolled at formerly all white central high school in little rock. In 1954 U.S supreme court ruling that declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional. The court mandated that all public schools in the country be integrated. The governor Orval Fabubus of Arkansas called in the state national guard to protect the black students. President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent federal troops to escort little rock nine for first day of class in September 25. -
Montgomery bus boycott
Montgomery bus boycott in witch African Americans refused to ride the city bus due to segregation seating. From Dec 5, 1955 to Dec 20, 1956. Four day before the boycott stated Rosa Parks refused t give her eat up to a white man. Rosa Parks was arrested and fined 10 dollars plus 4 dollars of court fees. One of the leaders of he boycott was pastor named Martin Luther King Jr. Came to be known as one of the Americas greatest civil rights movement in wak of the action. -
Southern christian leadership
SCLC was est. in 1957 to coordinate the action of local protest groups through the south. Under the leadership of Martin Luther King Jr the organization drew on he power o black churches to support its activities. SCLC first Major campaign sparked the civil rights bill then pending in congress. The campaign's objective was to register thousands of voters in time for the 1958 and 1960 elections. SCLC was funded by small churches and private donors he crusad keeped going until 1960. -
Greensboro sit-in
In the 1960s anon -violent protest tock place by young African America students. They did a sit in movement that spread to collage towns on the region. Most of the African American protesters were arrested and charged with disturbing the peace. The students that started the first sit in in Greensboro Ezell took there non violent protest techniques from Gandhi. The four students were beating fore refusing to give up there seats to whit men. -
"freedom rides"
On May 4, 1961 13 African Americas and one white civil rights activist started Freedom Riders they went through out the south protesting segregation on the interstate bus terminal. Freedom Riders were recruited buy a U.S civil rights group in Washington D.C. African Americans freedom Riders tried to use whites only restrooms and other places. It left a mark on the country because the interstate commerce commission prohibited segregation on the bus and train stations nationwide. -
student nonviolent coordinating committee
The SNCC was formed to give young African American students more of a voice and a say during the civil rights movement. The SCLC was fueled the civil rights movement the SCLC felt that the movement was out of touch with the young people. In 1966 Stock Carmicheal was elected head of the SNCC and came up with the phrase black power and also stated that violence is as American as cherry pie. The SNCC was shortly thereafter as the civil rights movement splintered.
