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Plessy v Ferguson
The Plessyv.Ferguson case came from Louisiana. In 1892, Homer Plessy refused to sit in a Jim Crow car, which was breaking a law. He stated that it violated his rights. He went to court against Judge John H. Ferguson.
The court said that the state law implies a legal distinction between black and whites did not go against the 14th Amendment or violated his rights. The court said black and whites were both given equal rights under the law as well as having equal punishments.(http://bit.ly/1uuLcJp) -
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
Congress of Racial Equality, also known as CORE was founded in 1942. It became one of the leading activist organizations in the Civil Rights Movements. CORE worked with a lot of other movements as well.
CORE focused on fighting on for rights with a non-violent approach, first with fighting segregation, but then it started to focus on black nationalism. (http://bit.ly/2nCak4H) -
Medger Evers
medger was in the U.S. Army in 1943.He fought during WWII.he graduation from college in 1952, worked as an insurance salesman. he was involved in the (Regional Council of Negro Leadership).he applied to law school but when he got rejected he joined the NAACP, which raise his profile. which lead to the Brown v. Board of Education case which ended segregation of schools,he became the first field secretary for the NAACP in Mississippi.June12,1963 he was assassinated (http://bit.ly/2nzi715) -
Jackie Robinson
Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier when it came to playing baseball in 1947. He played for the Brooklyn Dodgers. In 1949, Robinson won the league MVP. He also was put into the Hall of Fame in 1962.
Jackie faced a lot insults and threats because of him being black. He didn't care though, he continued to play and try his hardest despite being talked negativity about so much. He thrived on all the pressure, it encouraged him to do better and try harder. (http://bit.ly/1n14iFE) -
Sweatt v Painter
Herman Sweatt, an African American mail carrier, applied to the University of Texas School of Law. The school refused to accept him because he was black so they denied his application. Sweatt and his lawyer, Thurgood Marshall challenged the school in court because of the discrimination he faced.
The Supreme Court who ruled in favor of Sweatt, accepted him into the School of Law. They agreed the school wasn't created equal because they discriminated. (http://bit.ly/2nfUytg) -
Brown v Board of Education
In 1896, with Plessy v Ferguson, the Court's decision allowed "separate but equal facilities".With Brown v Board of Education,the Court thought "separate but equal facilities" were actually unequal. This court case help break segregation, & it also had a big effect during the Civil Rights Movement.
This case stopped segregation in all public facilities (all schools too). Before this in the 1930's the NAACP challenged school segregation but during this time it didn't work. (http://bit.ly/1nzUME6) -
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
This happened after Rosa Parks, an African American women refused to give up her seat for a white man and was arrested. Four days after this happened, African Americans started to boycott the bus rides, not getting on them. It lasted for 381 days.
Approximately 40,000 African Americans boycotted the buses in Montgomery, Alabama. After not desegregating buses for a year, Montgomery federal court had to segregate buses because it violated the 14th Amendment(http://bit.ly/1ymBgQq) -
"The Southern Manifesto"
The Southern Manifesto was a document also known by the name of, the Declaration of Constitutional Principles was set out to counterattack the Supreme Court's ruling during the Brown v Board of Education case. This document was signed by 19 Senators and 82 House Members.
The manifesto talked about the abuse of judicial power that violated the states rights. They felt that school desegregation would cause too much chaos and confusion for the children.(http://politi.co/2ofytfD) -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
The SCLC was created during the Montgomery Bus Boycott, in 1967. It was dedicated to legalizing segregation and ending the disfranchisement of African Americans in a nonviolent way. 60 African American ministers met up in Atlanta to form this group. Martin Luther King JR. became the first president of this group.
After MLK died in 1968, the SCLC, still confined to win voter registration and aiding protest in the South, although it wasn't as influential. (http://bit.ly/1I8sxN8) -
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Little Rock - Central High School
In September of 1957, 9 African American students, also known as the "Little Rock Nine", enrolled into an all white high school. On Sept. 2,1957 the Governor tried to prevent the students entry saying it was for the other students safety. On Sept.3, the Mothers League held a protest against this, and the federal judge still went with desegregation.On Sept.4 the 9 students were denied entry. On Sept. 25 they finally had their first day of school being allowed entrance.(http://bit.ly/1ufa8Cs) -
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Greensboro sit-in
African American students started a non-violent sit-in at a segregated lunch center in North Carolina, that soon spread ton other college towns and even throughout the region. A lot of these African American protesters were arrested for trespassing, disorderly conduct, and disturbing the peace.
Although, these students soon made a huge impact on segregation policies. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee was soon found din North Carolina to show importance. (http://bit.ly/1MP3Fql) -
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
The SNCC was one of the most important and influential organizations during the Civil Rights Movement. It was assembled by a meeting held at Shaw University by Elle Baker. This organization played a huge part in the Freedom Rides which was aimed at desegregation.
Stokley Carmichael was named head of the group in 1966, a popularized the term "black power". It characterized new tactics and goals, including black self-reliance and the use of violence as self defense. (http://bit.ly/2g8KEXt) -
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"Freedom Rides"
Freedom Rides was a series of bus trips through the South to protest segregation in interstate bus terminals, by group of 13 African Americans and white civil rights activists. They Freedom Riders were recruited by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE).
African Americans tried to use "white-only" bathrooms, lunch counters, etc. and because of them doing this, they experienced a lot of violence but it also drew in a lot of international attention to their cause. (http://bit.ly/1vgaxE1) -
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James Meredith
james became the first African American to attend the University of Mississippi, but when they found out that he was black they rejected him. he tried to reply he found the entrance to the office blocked by Mississippi Governor Ross.governor was found guilty and was arrest and a fine of $10,000 a day(http://bit.ly/1oA25xm) -
"Letter from Birmingham jail"
King and 50 others and civil rights leaders been arrested leading a demonstration part of Birmingham Campaign.king was thrown into solitary confinement, he couldn't talk to his lawyers or his wife.after King’s arrest someone brought a copy of an April 12 Birmingham newspaper which included an open letter, written by local Christian and Jewish religious leaders, which criticized the demonstrations and King. King’s Letter from Birmingham Jail had appear across the country.(http://bit.ly/2nzi715) -
March on Washington
The first march was in 1941 by A.Philip Randolph, president of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters.200,000 black and white Americans shared a joyous day of speeches, songs, and prayers.this is when Dr. Martin Luther King made this speech, “I Have a Dream” and it became an expression of the highest aspirations of the civil rights movement.as well as John Lewis, Josephine Baker, Mahalia Jackson, Joan Baez and Bob Dylan.(http://bit.ly/1i6tu7Z) -
Bombing of Birmingman church
Many of the civil rights protest marches that took place in Birmingham.KKK members had called in bomb threats intended to disrupt civil rights meetings as well as services at the church.200 church members were in the building before the start of the 11 am service–when the bomb detonated on the church’s east side.four young girls was found in basement restroom one lost there eye,20 were hurt. this was the third bombing in 11 days.(http://bit.ly/1CwahtD) -
24 amendment
the 24 amendment was about the citizens rights.the citizens of the United States could vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice president.they could not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax(.http://bit.ly/2oNts0t) -
civil rights act passed
the civil right act ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or nationally. but before they passed this they had to make the Jim crow law to stop the KKK or other groups from kill.Senate voted 73-27 in favor of the bill, and Johnson signed it into law on July 2, 1964.(http://bit.ly/1udSFsU) -
mississippi freedom summers
civil rights organizations,the Congress on Racial Equality, and Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee organized a voter registration drive, aimed at dramatically increasing voter registration in Mississippi.they faced constant abuse and harassment from Mississippi’s white population.About a hundred white college students had helped register voters in November 1963, and it managed to register only twelve hundred Afro-Americans.(http://bit.ly/1jCdm18) -
Malcolm X Assassinated
Malcolm was sent to prison on a burglary conviction. six years later, Malcolm was released from prison and became a minister of the Nation of Islam in Harlem, New York.he was in the civil rights leaders with Martin Luther King Jr. but unlike dr,king Malcolm X advocated self-defense.began to develop a more outspoken philosophy.he become too powerful, and was suspend from the Nation of Islam.a week after his home was firebombed, Malcolm was shot to death by Nation of Islam (http://bit.ly/1lATEnS) -
Selma to Montgomery March
this march was led my dr.king and his Southern Christian Leadership Conference.it begin from Selma, Alabama, to the state capitol at Montgomery.over 2,000 people walk, across the Edmund Pettus Bridge but found Highway 80 blocked again by state troopers.President Lyndon Johnson support to the Selma protesters. March 21, Army troops escorted the marchers across Edmund Pettus Bridge.Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act, which guaranteed African Americans the right to vote. (http://bit.ly/1xdQhVk) -
Voting Rights Act Approved
voting rights bill was passed in the U.S. Senate by a 77-19 vote on May 26, 1965. After debating the bill over a month, the U.S. House of Representatives passed the bill by a vote of 333-85 on July 9. Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act into law on August 6, with Martin Luther King Jr. and other civil rights leaders present at the ceremony.Mississippi, voter increased from 6 percent in 1964 to 59 percent in 1969.(http://bit.ly/1x2nE2e) -
Black Panthers
Black Panthers were made in California.they believed that the non-violent campaign that Martin Luther King made had failed.the founders of the Black Panther Party were Huey Percy Newton and Bobby Seale. they use violence to get what they wanted. there goals were equality in education, housing, employment and civil rights. there was not alot of support it was only less than 5% of African-Americans approved of the black panthers.(http://bit.ly/1SM5axc) -
King Assassinated
King gave a speech at the Mason Temple Church in Memphis talking about the promise land. after 6 p.m. the following day, King was standing on the second-floor balcony of the Lorraine Motel, where he was assassinated.Shock over the news of King’s death people were rioting in more than 100 cities around the country, including burning and looting.(http://bit.ly/1v0B75e)
