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Plessy vs. Ferguson
This was a court case that upheld segregation laws for public locations that supported the use of "separate but equal."
This basically started segregation. -
Formation of NAACP
This was a group of African Americans created by African-American activists to provide justice to the ones discriminated. Created by W. E. B. Dubois -
Malcolm X leads the Nation of Islam
Malcolm served in the community of the belief of black supremacy yet desire to remain apart from the whites.
Part of this "nation" from 1952 to 1964 where he breaks away after being disillusioned. -
Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka
This was a Supreme Court case that stated that having separated public schools for black/whites were unconstitutional. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
A political/social protest campaign against racial segregation and the transportation rules in Montgomery, Alabama.
Brought to the US the issues with their lack of civil rights.
Lasted: Dec 5, 1955 – Dec 20, 1956 -
Formation of SCLC
An organization that utilizes the use of "nonviolent resistance" and was created to organize the actions of numerous protest groups.
Led by Martin Luther King Jr. and numerous black churches. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
The first federal legislation that was proposed to protect the voting rights of African Americans by the Eisenhower legislation. -
Integration of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas
This was the first time that nine black people were able to enroll in Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas -
Boynton v. Virginia
A case that stated that holding racial segregation in businesses serving interstate commerce was unconstitutional.
Freedom Riders tested this. -
Greensboro Sit-In
Non-violent sit-ins within North Carolina where blacks sat in the front seats for whites and refused to leave when they were denied service.
Sparked future events of sit-ins.
Eventually led to the removal of racial segregation in South US.
Lasted: February 1 – July 25, 1960 -
Formation of SNCC
aka. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
Came from SCLC.
Their goal was to increase student support of the civil right movement. -
First Freedom Ride
This was the first ride to test the Boynton v. Virginia ruling.
Numerous violent incidents occurred at that time. -
James Meredith enrolls in Ole Miss
This was an incident where James Meredith, an African-American man, attempted to enroll at the University of Mississippi. Many died within the wake and the National Guard had to come in to set up order. -
March on Washington
It was a march in which its purpose was to send the message to the African-American people that they should stand up for their rights during a time of heavy racism.
Helped pass the numerous civil right acts. -
Birmingham Protests
Movements by the SCLC to point out attention to the efforts of the African Americans near them in Birmingham, Alabama.
Simply a series of protests.
Lasted: April 3 – May 10, 1963 -
24th Amendment passed
This amendment was passed so that there would be no poll taxes in any election for federal officials. -
Freedom Summer
This was a volunteer campaign to promote as many African-American voters as possible, eventually leading to the spark of schools, homes, and centers for African-Americans. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This was a law that prevented/outlawed discrimination of race, color, sex, etc. -
Malcolm X assassinated
Three radical members of the Nation of Islam, where he formerly was involved, murdered him in a ballroom when he was about to present a speech. -
Selma March
They were three marches organized by activists to work on their rights to vote and defy the racial segregation that is present to them.
Lasted: Mar 7, 1965 – Mar 21, 1965 -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Federal legislation that prohibited racial discrimination in voting.
Was thought of as the most effective piece to civil rights. -
Black Panthers founded
This was a black socialist/nationalist party created to protect the African Americans from police brutality. It was also there to challenge police brutality and monitor the departments. -
MLK Jr. assassinated
One of the nation's most influential civil rights leader of the time, he was murdered through a shot in the neck in his hotel. The act stunned the nation and many blacks became enraged at the fact that he was their last hope of victory. -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
This was to counter the housing discrimination as the "refusal to sell or rent to any person because of race, color, religion, or origin."
Commonly known as Fair Housing Act -
Robert F. Kennedy assassinated
After he won the California presidential campaign, he was shortly assassinated in his hotel.
He was thought of having the ability to connect the people again and that's what drove him to being president. But losing him to an assassin caused national unrest again.
