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Congress of Racial Equality
The Congress of Racial Equality Founded in 1942,They started out as a non-violent group fighting racial segregation, in the latter of the 60s their focus shifted to Black Nationalism. It was an important organization that was invovled in the freedom rides of 1947, Participated in the Bus Boycotts in 1955, Gave active support of the sit-ins in 1960, Helped with Voter Registration in 1961, and Organized the March on Washington in 1963. [Link text}(http://bit.ly/2nCak4H) -
Sweatt VS Painter
In 1946 a man by the name Sweatt requested admission into The Texas University Law School. The law Prohibited a black Man for admitting because it was white only, so his application was rejected. He asked the Court to admit him; the University then tried to give separate but equal facilities to cooperate. His admission then relied on whether if these new facilities were equal to that of his white counter part. It wasn't in nearly every way, Sweatt won the Case. Link text -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
To protest segregated seating on bus transportation, African Americans refused to ride the bus in Montgomery, Alabama lasting between Dec 5, 1955 - Dec 20, 1956. This was considered the first major movement against segregation. It was during these boycotts that the famous Rosa Parks case came in the Supreme Court about and lasted 381 days. The Final Ruling was for the City to integrate their bus systems. Link text -
The Southern Manifesto
This a Document that resisted the conclusion of the case "Brown Vs Board of Education".19 Senators and 77 House of Representatives members signed this document claimed that the ruling was an "abuse of Judicial Power." In response the court reviewed the same issue in the Cooper vs. Aaron case but yet again in came to the same conclusion. Link text -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
The SCLC had its many beginnings,They helped both organize the Montgomery Bus Boycott and draft a document declaring that Civil Rights were quintessential to Democracy. This movement also helped give rise to well known activist and southern baptist priest: Martin Luther King Jr. With King as their chosen president, they were able to help all people reject segregation and to do so nonviolently; they were instrumental in the evolution of Modern Civil Rights. Link text -
Student Non-Violent Coordinating Commitee
During the Sit-ins in Greensboro, North Carolina. This group was formed as of a way of to give voice to young blacks in the Civil Rights Movement. Everyone in the movement wanted a way to make progress faster, and this was it. Dr. King and the SCLC who was out of touch of those of the younger generations helped the group organize their first meetings. Together they altered the scale for their ideas of social changes and to use their power as political strategy. Link Text -
Freedom Rides
May 4, 1961, a Group of 13 White & Black Protesters from CORE left Washington DC on buses in a tour of the south to promote integration and protest segregation for interstate bus stations. Along the way they used facilities opposite of their color. They were met with violence, however this gave the riders more attention. The next Months, hundreds joined the protests. The result was the Interstate Commerce Commission banned segregation bus and train stations. Link text -
Letter From Birmingham Jail
When Dr. King, 50 other protesters, and other Civil Rights Leaders were arrested for leading a demonstration to show the nation the brutal racism experienced by many in the South. In Kings time in jailed he received an article who criticized his actions, and he began his response. In his letters he castrated many for being a bystander, while him and others risked everything. He quoted many significant historical figures and had many inspiring quotes of his own. Link text -
Medger Evers
An African-American veteran of WWII, who was the first state field secretary for the NAACP in Mississippi, after he failed tried to integrate the University of Mississippi Law School, one of the states oldest public schools. As the most prominent Civil Rights Leaders in Mississippi he and his family were constantly threaten until June 1963 where Evers was shot to death in his own driveway by Byron De La Beckwith who escaped conviction until In February 1994. Link text -
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Mississippi Freedom Summer
This was an organized voter registration by CORE and SNCC which lasted a bit more than the entire summer of 64'. The goal was to increase voter registration in Mississippi. The program was run by Black residents and 1000+ out-of-state white voters. Those who registered and helped where they were repeatedly harassed and abused by the KKK, the police, and much of the white population. They created a systematic series of attacks which killed 3 and crippled many. Link text -
Selma to Montgomery March
After the Death of Jimmy Lee Jackson a young demonstrator was killed by a state trooper. SCLC planned a massive march but was brutally stopped by state troopers twice before the troopers were forced to let them pass. They were still met with much violence and harassment for three days the world watched until they're finally made it from Selma to Montgomery. This march created more awareness for the need of the Voter Rights Act. Link text -
Voting Rights Acts Approved
This act removed legal barriers at the state and local levels of government in the United States. In essence this act removed all restrictions on the 15th amendment which prevented African Americans voting rights. This is considered one of the most significant and far-reaching acts achieved by the Civil Rights Movement and Legislation. Link text -
Black Panther
This was a Pro-Black Socialist group or party who believed that Martian Luther King Jr.'s idea of non-violent protesting had failed. They called for a revolution, and would speak out for any oppressed minority. They'd often use violence to get what they wanted. They wanted the following: freedom for all political prisoners, give every person jobs or guaranteed income, end police brutality and murder of oppressed people, community control of modern industry, etc Link text
